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social security officer

  • 1 social security officer

    Politics english-russian dictionary > social security officer

  • 2 officer

    n
    1) чиновник; государственный служащий, должностное лицо, сотрудник
    2) офицер; полицейский; развед. жарг. официальный сотрудник ЦРУ
    •
    - anti-terrorist officer
    - AO
    - arresting officer
    - associate officer
    - backstopping officer
    - bomb disposal officer
    - budget officer
    - career foreign service officer
    - career officer
    - case officer
    - certifying officer
    - chief administrative officer
    - Chief Law Enforcement Officer
    - Chief Medical Officer
    - chief police officer
    - child welfare officer
    - cipher officer
    - civil officer
    - commanding officers
    - commissioned officer
    - conference officer
    - consular officer
    - correctional officer
    - counterintelligence officer
    - customs officer
    - diplomatic officer
    - disbursing officer
    - disciplinary officer
    - document officer
    - drug enforcement officer
    - economic affairs officer
    - election officer
    - elective officer
    - field officer
    - finance officer
    - first class officer
    - foreign service officer
    - highest-ranking officer
    - immigration officer
    - information officer
    - intelligence officer
    - junior officer
    - law enforcement officer
    - law officer
    - legal officer
    - legislative officer
    - liaison officer
    - medical officer
    - middle-ranking officers
    - military officer
    - naval recruiting officer
    - officer in charge of division / section etc.
    - officer in charge of project
    - officer in charge
    - officer of the court
    - officer of the law
    - officers and staff
    - officers of the conference
    - peace officer
    - personnel officer
    - placement officer
    - police officers on horseback
    - police officers on the beat
    - polling officer
    - presiding officer
    - press officer
    - preventive officer
    - prison officer
    - probation officer
    - professional officer
    - public officer
    - public relations officer
    - purchasing officer
    - reserve officer
    - retired officer
    - returning officer
    - security officer
    - senior officer
    - serving military officer
    - social security officer
    - Special Branch officer
    - staff officer
    - superior officer
    - the great officers of State
    - truant officer
    - undercover police officer

    Politics english-russian dictionary > officer

  • 3 security

    [sɪˈkjuərɪtɪ]
    additional security дополнительная гарантия additional security дополнительное обеспечение adequate security достаточное обеспечение adequate security надлежащая безопасность asset-backed security залог, обеспеченный активами assets pledged as security заложенная недвижимость banking security банковская безопасность basic income security страхование основного дохода; защита основного дохода basic security основная гарантия; основная защита (комплекс прав человека, касающихся защиты здоровья, жилья и т. п.) bearer security ценная бумага на предъявителя bearer security traded internationally международная ценная бумага на предъявителя behavioral security поведенческий аспект защиты bellwether security ценные бумаги, определяющие движение биржевой конъюнктуры bill deposited as collateral security вексель, депонированный как имущественное обеспечение bond security залог book entry security ценная бумага, существующая только в форме бухгалтерской записи borrow against security занимать деньги под обеспечение borrow against security получать заем под гарантию borrowing against security кредит под гарантию borrowing against security кредит под обеспечение cash security денежное обеспечение central government security государственная ценная бумага collective security коллективная безопасность communications security скрытность связи security: convertible security ценная бумага, которая может быть обменена на другую cryptographical security криптографическая защита data security вчт. безопасность хранения данных data security вчт. защита данных data security вчт. надежность хранения данных data security вчт. сохранность данных debt security ценная бумага, представляющая собой долговое свидетельство deposited security сданная на хранение ценная бумага discount security дисконтная ценная бумага employment security гарантия занятости equity-linked security ценная бумага, которая может быть конвертирована в акцию excess security чрезмерные меры безопасности exempt security ценная бумага, на которую не распространяются некоторые правила Комиссии по ценным бумагам и биржам (США) file security вчт. защита файла first mortgage security ценные бумаги по первой закладной fixed income security облигация с фиксированной процентной ставкой fixed interest security ценная бумага с фиксированной процентной ставкой fixed-yield security ценная бумага с фиксированным процентным доходом flip-flop security ценная бумага с возможностью конверсии в акции и обратно formal social security system установленная законом система социального обеспечения forward market security срочная ценная бумага forward security срочная ценная бумага furnish security давать гарантию furnish security обеспечивать безопасность furnish security предоставлять залог gilt-edged security золотобрезная ценная бумага gilt-edged security первоклассная облигация надежной корпорации (США) gilt-edged security правительственная облигация с государственной гарантией (Великобритания) give security давать гарантию give security давать обеспечение government security правительственная ценная бумага heavy-priced security цен.бум. ценные бумаги с более высоким курсом по сравнению с общим уровнем high-priced security цен.бум. высоко котирующаяся ценная бумага security обеспечение, гарантия; залог; in security for в залог; в качестве гарантии inactive security неактивная ценная бумага income security гарантия получения дохода, гарантия заработка interest-bearing security процентная ценная бумага internationally traded security ценная бумага, имеющая хождение на международном рынке investment grade security ценная бумага инвестиционного уровня issued security выпущенная ценная бумага job security гарантия занятости job security обеспеченность работой kerbstone security цен.бум. ценные бумаги, не котирующиеся на бирже leading security ведущая ценная бумага lend against security ссужать под залог ценных бумаг lodge as security отдавать на хранение как обеспечение lodge security предоставлять гарантию lodge security предоставлять обеспечение low-interest security ценная бумага с низкой процентной ставкой maintenance security обеспеченность содержания; гарантия содержания money market security ценная бумага денежного рынка mortgage-backed security ценная бумага, обеспеченная закладной municipal security мцниципальная ценная бумага network security вчт. восстановление сети nonexempt security ценная бумага с обязательной регистрацией nonnegotiable security именная ценная бумага off-board security внебиржевая ценная бумага own debt security собственное обеспечение долга password security вчт. сохранность паролей pension security гарантирование пенсии, гарантия пенсионных выплат pension security гарантия пенсии person providing security лицо, предоставляющее гарантию preventive income security предварительное обеспечение дохода prior security привилегированная ценная бумага quoted security ценная бумага, котируемая на фондовой бирже redeemable security ценная бумага, подлежащая погашению register a security устанавливать курс ценной бумаги registered mortgage security именная ценная бумага, обеспеченная закладной registered security зарегистрированная ценная бумага registered security именная ценная бумага satisfactory security достаточная безопасность secondary security дополнительная безопасность security безопасность; надежность security безопасность security гарантия security залог security вчт. защита security защита security конфиденциальность security надежность security обеспечение, гарантия, залог security обеспечение, гарантия; залог; in security for в залог; в качестве гарантии security обеспечение security обеспеченность security оборотный документ security органы безопасности security охрана, защита security охрана security порука security поручитель security поручительство, порука security поручительство security секретность security страхование от риска security уверенность security уверенность в будущем security ценная бумага security pl ценные бумаги security чувство безопасности Security: Security: Conference on security and Cooperation in Europe, CSCE Совещание по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе security: security: convertible security ценная бумага, которая может быть обменена на другую security attr. относящийся к охране, защите; security suspect обвиняемый в подрывной деятельности security for costs поручитель по затратам security for costs поручительство по затратам security for debt поручитель по ссуде security for debt поручительство по ссуде security for loan поручитель по займу security for loan поручительство по займу security in assets обеспечение через активы security in realizable asset обеспечение через реализуемые активы security numbering system система нумерации и регистрации ценных бумаг security of investments защита капиталовложений security of trustee status гарантия имущественного положения доверенного лица security officer офицер контрразведки; security risk неблагонадежный человек, подозрительная личность security officer офицер контрразведки; security risk неблагонадежный человек, подозрительная личность security attr. относящийся к охране, защите; security suspect обвиняемый в подрывной деятельности senior debt security обеспечение долга, погашаемого в первую очередь senior security ценная бумага, дающая преимущественное право на активы компании в случае ее ликвидации short-dated security краткосрочные ценные бумаги social security социальное обеспечение social: security общественный; социальный; social science социология; social security социальное обеспечение social security administration управление социальным обеспечением social security agreement соглашение о социальном обеспечении social security card карта социального обеспечения (документ, подтверждающий принадлежность к системе социаьного обеспечения) social security contribution взносы на социальное обеспечение social security contribution взносы на социльное обеспечение social security convention конвенция социального обеспечения social security number номер (документа) социального обеспечения social security policy политика в области социального обеспечения speculative security спекулятивные ценные бумаги statutory social security schemes установленные законом программы (системы) социального обеспечения synthetic security синтетическая ценная бумага tap security ценные бумаги, выпускаемые по мере предъявления спроса по фиксированной цене telecommunications security безопасность средств дальней связи term security срочная акция tradeable security котируемая ценная бумага transferable security обращающаяся ценная бумага treasury security казначейская ценная бумага trustee security ценная бумага, используемая для инвестиций по доверенности two-year security ценная бумага со сроком действия два года underlying security финансовый инструмент, лежащий в основе фьючерсного или опционного контракта unemployment security социальная защита по безработице unlisted security ценная бумага, не котирующаяся на основной бирже unquoted security ценная бумага, не котирующаяся на основной бирже valuable security ценные бумаги variable yield security ценная бумага с переменным доходом wage security гарантии заработной платы, защита заработной платы zero coupon security ценная бумага с нулевым купоном

    English-Russian short dictionary > security

  • 4 security

    sɪˈkjuərɪtɪ сущ.
    1) а) безопасность;
    надежность to ensure, provide security ≈ обеспечивать безопасность to strengthen, tighten security ≈ укреплять безопасность to compromise security ≈ угрожать безопасности to undermine security ≈ угрожать безопасности feeling, sense of security ≈ чувство безопасности Syn: safety б) уверенность( в чем-л.) She told them they might count on her with security. ≈ Она сказала им, что они могут всецело на нее рассчитывать. Syn: confidence, assurance в) гарантированность (от чего-л.) job security ≈ гарантированность сохранения рабочего места
    2) стабильность, прочность Syn: stability, fixity
    3) защита, охрана And I have no security against their killing me. ≈ Я совершенно не защищен от их посягательств на мою жизнь. Syn: guard
    1., protection, defence
    4) а) обеспечение, гарантия;
    залог in security for ≈ в залог;
    в качестве гарантии Syn: assurance, guarantee
    1. б) порука, поручительство, ручательство Syn: pledge, surety
    5) органы безопасности, правоохранительные органы
    6) гарант, поручитель Syn: surety
    7) мн. ценные бумаги to issue securities ≈ издавать ценные бумаги to register securities ≈ регистрировать ценные бумаги corporate securities ≈ корпоративные ценные бумаги gilt-edged securities ≈ гарантированные ценные бумаги government securities ≈ государственные ценные бумаги negotiable securities ≈ оборотные ценные бумаги, передаваемые ценные бумаги registered securities ≈ именные ценные бумаги tax-exempt security ≈ безналоговая ценная бумага безопасность - system of collective * система коллективной безопасности - national * безопасность страны - personal * личная безопасность - in * в безопасности - * treaty договор об обеспечении безопасности - * measures меры безопасности( охраны людей, зданий и т. п.) - * of service( специальное) надежность, безопасность работы - to live in * спокойно жить, жить в ( полной) безопасности органы безопасности, особ. контрразведка - * report донесение службы контрразведки секретность - * classification гриф секретности (компьютерное) защищенность информации( от несанкционированного доступа) - computer * защита данных вычислительной машины - data * сохранность данных уверенность (в будущем), обеспеченность, чувство безопасности - to feel great * чувствовать себя вполне спокойно /уверенно/ - you may count on me with * вы можете вполне рассчитывать на меня защита, охрана, гарантия (от чего-л.) - a good watch-dog is my * against burglars хороший сторожевой пес охраняет меня от воров( военное) охранение - * detachment охраняющее подразделение - * at the halt сторожевое охранение - * against chemicals противохимическая защита - * against mechanized forces противотанковая оборона( военное) боевое обеспечение - * measures меры боевого обеспечения - * mission задача по боевому обеспечению - * patrol боевой дозор (юридическое) обеспечение;
    гарантия, залог - ample * достаточное обеспечение( долга и т. п.) - * for a claim обеспечение иска - on the * of под обеспечение, под гарантию поручительство, порука - to give * давать поручительство, выступать поручителем, ручаться - to stand * for smb. давать поручительство за кого-л. поручитель - to act as * выступать в качестве поручителя обыкн. pl ценные бумаги - government securities государственные ценные бумаги - gilt-edged securities первоклассные или гарантированные ценные бумаги в грам. знач. прил.: (спортивное) зачетный - * jump зачетный прыжок > * black-out( военное) засекречивание additional ~ дополнительная гарантия additional ~ дополнительное обеспечение adequate ~ достаточное обеспечение adequate ~ надлежащая безопасность asset-backed ~ залог, обеспеченный активами assets pledged as ~ заложенная недвижимость banking ~ банковская безопасность basic income ~ страхование основного дохода;
    защита основного дохода basic ~ основная гарантия;
    основная защита (комплекс прав человека, касающихся защиты здоровья, жилья и т. п.) bearer ~ ценная бумага на предъявителя bearer ~ traded internationally международная ценная бумага на предъявителя behavioral ~ поведенческий аспект защиты bellwether ~ ценные бумаги, определяющие движение биржевой конъюнктуры bill deposited as collateral ~ вексель, депонированный как имущественное обеспечение bond ~ залог book entry ~ ценная бумага, существующая только в форме бухгалтерской записи borrow against ~ занимать деньги под обеспечение borrow against ~ получать заем под гарантию borrowing against ~ кредит под гарантию borrowing against ~ кредит под обеспечение cash ~ денежное обеспечение central government ~ государственная ценная бумага collective ~ коллективная безопасность communications ~ скрытность связи security: convertible ~ ценная бумага, которая может быть обменена на другую cryptographical ~ криптографическая защита data ~ вчт. безопасность хранения данных data ~ вчт. защита данных data ~ вчт. надежность хранения данных data ~ вчт. сохранность данных debt ~ ценная бумага, представляющая собой долговое свидетельство deposited ~ сданная на хранение ценная бумага discount ~ дисконтная ценная бумага employment ~ гарантия занятости equity-linked ~ ценная бумага, которая может быть конвертирована в акцию excess ~ чрезмерные меры безопасности exempt ~ ценная бумага, на которую не распространяются некоторые правила Комиссии по ценным бумагам и биржам (США) file ~ вчт. защита файла first mortgage ~ ценные бумаги по первой закладной fixed income ~ облигация с фиксированной процентной ставкой fixed interest ~ ценная бумага с фиксированной процентной ставкой fixed-yield ~ ценная бумага с фиксированным процентным доходом flip-flop ~ ценная бумага с возможностью конверсии в акции и обратно formal social ~ system установленная законом система социального обеспечения forward market ~ срочная ценная бумага forward ~ срочная ценная бумага furnish ~ давать гарантию furnish ~ обеспечивать безопасность furnish ~ предоставлять залог gilt-edged ~ золотобрезная ценная бумага gilt-edged ~ первоклассная облигация надежной корпорации( США) gilt-edged ~ правительственная облигация с государственной гарантией (Великобритания) give ~ давать гарантию give ~ давать обеспечение government ~ правительственная ценная бумага heavy-priced ~ цен.бум. ценные бумаги с более высоким курсом по сравнению с общим уровнем high-priced ~ цен.бум. высоко котирующаяся ценная бумага ~ обеспечение, гарантия;
    залог;
    in security for в залог;
    в качестве гарантии inactive ~ неактивная ценная бумага income ~ гарантия получения дохода, гарантия заработка interest-bearing ~ процентная ценная бумага internationally traded ~ ценная бумага, имеющая хождение на международном рынке investment grade ~ ценная бумага инвестиционного уровня issued ~ выпущенная ценная бумага job ~ гарантия занятости job ~ обеспеченность работой kerbstone ~ цен.бум. ценные бумаги, не котирующиеся на бирже leading ~ ведущая ценная бумага lend against ~ ссужать под залог ценных бумаг lodge as ~ отдавать на хранение как обеспечение lodge ~ предоставлять гарантию lodge ~ предоставлять обеспечение low-interest ~ ценная бумага с низкой процентной ставкой maintenance ~ обеспеченность содержания;
    гарантия содержания money market ~ ценная бумага денежного рынка mortgage-backed ~ ценная бумага, обеспеченная закладной municipal ~ мцниципальная ценная бумага network ~ вчт. восстановление сети nonexempt ~ ценная бумага с обязательной регистрацией nonnegotiable ~ именная ценная бумага off-board ~ внебиржевая ценная бумага own debt ~ собственное обеспечение долга password ~ вчт. сохранность паролей pension ~ гарантирование пенсии, гарантия пенсионных выплат pension ~ гарантия пенсии person providing ~ лицо, предоставляющее гарантию preventive income ~ предварительное обеспечение дохода prior ~ привилегированная ценная бумага quoted ~ ценная бумага, котируемая на фондовой бирже redeemable ~ ценная бумага, подлежащая погашению register a ~ устанавливать курс ценной бумаги registered mortgage ~ именная ценная бумага, обеспеченная закладной registered ~ зарегистрированная ценная бумага registered ~ именная ценная бумага satisfactory ~ достаточная безопасность secondary ~ дополнительная безопасность security безопасность;
    надежность ~ безопасность ~ гарантия ~ залог ~ вчт. защита ~ защита ~ конфиденциальность ~ надежность ~ обеспечение, гарантия, залог ~ обеспечение, гарантия;
    залог;
    in security for в залог;
    в качестве гарантии ~ обеспечение ~ обеспеченность ~ оборотный документ ~ органы безопасности ~ охрана, защита ~ охрана ~ порука ~ поручитель ~ поручительство, порука ~ поручительство ~ секретность ~ страхование от риска ~ уверенность ~ уверенность в будущем ~ ценная бумага ~ pl ценные бумаги ~ чувство безопасности Security: Security: Conference on ~ and Cooperation in Europe, CSCE Совещание по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе security: security: convertible ~ ценная бумага, которая может быть обменена на другую ~ attr. относящийся к охране, защите;
    security suspect обвиняемый в подрывной деятельности ~ for costs поручитель по затратам ~ for costs поручительство по затратам ~ for debt поручитель по ссуде ~ for debt поручительство по ссуде ~ for loan поручитель по займу ~ for loan поручительство по займу ~ in assets обеспечение через активы ~ in realizable asset обеспечение через реализуемые активы ~ numbering system система нумерации и регистрации ценных бумаг ~ of investments защита капиталовложений ~ of trustee status гарантия имущественного положения доверенного лица ~ officer офицер контрразведки;
    security risk неблагонадежный человек, подозрительная личность ~ officer офицер контрразведки;
    security risk неблагонадежный человек, подозрительная личность ~ attr. относящийся к охране, защите;
    security suspect обвиняемый в подрывной деятельности senior debt ~ обеспечение долга, погашаемого в первую очередь senior ~ ценная бумага, дающая преимущественное право на активы компании в случае ее ликвидации short-dated ~ краткосрочные ценные бумаги social ~ социальное обеспечение social: ~ общественный;
    социальный;
    social science социология;
    social security социальное обеспечение social ~ administration управление социальным обеспечением social ~ agreement соглашение о социальном обеспечении social ~ card карта социального обеспечения (документ, подтверждающий принадлежность к системе социаьного обеспечения) social ~ contribution взносы на социальное обеспечение social ~ contribution взносы на социльное обеспечение social ~ convention конвенция социального обеспечения social ~ number номер( документа) социального обеспечения social ~ policy политика в области социального обеспечения speculative ~ спекулятивные ценные бумаги statutory social ~ schemes установленные законом программы( системы) социального обеспечения synthetic ~ синтетическая ценная бумага tap ~ ценные бумаги, выпускаемые по мере предъявления спроса по фиксированной цене telecommunications ~ безопасность средств дальней связи term ~ срочная акция tradeable ~ котируемая ценная бумага transferable ~ обращающаяся ценная бумага treasury ~ казначейская ценная бумага trustee ~ ценная бумага, используемая для инвестиций по доверенности two-year ~ ценная бумага со сроком действия два года underlying ~ финансовый инструмент, лежащий в основе фьючерсного или опционного контракта unemployment ~ социальная защита по безработице unlisted ~ ценная бумага, не котирующаяся на основной бирже unquoted ~ ценная бумага, не котирующаяся на основной бирже valuable ~ ценные бумаги variable yield ~ ценная бумага с переменным доходом wage ~ гарантии заработной платы, защита заработной платы zero coupon ~ ценная бумага с нулевым купоном

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > security

  • 5 social

    adj.
    social.
    * * *
    1 social
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=de la sociedad) social
    2) (Com, Econ) company antes de s, company's

    acuerdo social, pacto social — wages agreement

    paz social — industrial harmony, agreement between employers and unions

    2.
    SMPL (Escol) * social studies
    * * *
    1)
    a) <problemas/clase/lucha> social
    b) <reunión/compromiso> social
    2) (Fin) company (before n)
    * * *
    = social, societal, socialising [socializing, -USA], socialised [socialized, -USA], gregarious.
    Ex. She has been a vital and energetic voice in the movement to increase the sensitivity and responsibility of libraries to social issues, as well as a first-rate cataloger.
    Ex. A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.
    Ex. Thus teachers especially, because they have a captive audience, find themselves along with parents and a child's peers, one of a triumvirate of main socializing agents in a child's life.
    Ex. The client is rational and socialized and to a large extent determines self-destiny.
    Ex. The most popular activities are either those involving little physical effort (eg, listening to records), looking after the house & garden, or gregarious activities like going out for a drink.
    ----
    * acontecimiento social = community event, social.
    * actividad social = social activity.
    * acto social = networking event.
    * adaptación social = social adjustment.
    * agitación social = social upheaval.
    * aislamiento social = social isolation.
    * ansiedad social = social anxiety.
    * aprovechada de la asistencia social = welfare queen.
    * armonía social = social harmony.
    * asistencia social = social relief, welfare.
    * asistencia social para los mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * asistente social de barrio = community worker.
    * ayuda social = welfare benefits.
    * bienestar social = social welfare, welfare.
    * cambio social = social change, societal change.
    * capa social más distinguida, la = crust, the.
    * capital social = social capital.
    * causa social = social cause.
    * centro de asistencia social = welfare facility.
    * centro social = community centre, community hall.
    * centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.
    * ciencias sociales = social sciences, soft sciences, the.
    * club social = civic club.
    * cohesión social = social cohesion.
    * comentario social = social commentary.
    * complejo recreativo y social = leisure centre.
    * comportamiento social = social graces.
    * compromiso social = social engagement.
    * concertación social = social harmony.
    * conciencia social = social consciousness.
    * condiciones sociales = walks (of/in) life.
    * condición social = station in life.
    * conflictividad social = social unrest.
    * conflicto social = social conflict.
    * contrato social = social contract.
    * con una orientación social = socially-oriented.
    * convención social = social convention.
    * crítica social = social commentary.
    * cuestión social = social issue, societal issue.
    * cultura social = social culture.
    * debate social = public discourse.
    * derechos sociales = social rights.
    * descontento social = civil unrest, social unrest.
    * de una clase social superior = above + Posesivo + class.
    * diferencia social = social gap.
    * dimensión social = social dimension.
    * distancia social = social distance.
    * encuentro social = networking event.
    * enfermedad social = social disease.
    * entramado social, el = social web, the.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * equiparación social = social levelling.
    * escoria social de raza blanca = white trash.
    * espacio social = social space.
    * estatus social = class standing.
    * estratificación social = social stratification.
    * etiquetado social = social tagging.
    * evento social = social.
    * exclusión social = social exclusion.
    * fobia social = social anxiety.
    * grupo social = community group, social group.
    * hacer vida social = socialise [socialize, -USA].
    * inadaptación social = social maladjustment.
    * inadaptado social = social misfit.
    * incompetente social = geek, nerd, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].
    * incorporación social = social inclusion.
    * Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).
    * inepto social = nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], nerd, geek, geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].
    * influencia social = social influence.
    * injusticia social = social injustice.
    * inserción social = social insertion.
    * interacción social = social interaction.
    * malestar social = civil unrest, social malaise, social unrest.
    * marginación social = social exclusion.
    * marginado social = social outcast.
    * mediación social = social mediation.
    * medios de comunicación social = mass media.
    * mejora social = social improvement.
    * memoria social = social memory.
    * nivelación social = social levelling.
    * política social = social policy.
    * posición social = social standing.
    * práctica social = meme.
    * presión social = social pressure.
    * prestación social sustitut = community service.
    * profesión de vocación social = caring profession.
    * programa social = social program(me).
    * progreso social = social progress.
    * promoción social = social advancement.
    * rechazado social = social outcast.
    * redes sociales = social networking.
    * reintegración social = social reintegration.
    * reunión social = social gathering.
    * riesgo social = social risk.
    * salón social = community room, drop-in lounge, community hall.
    * sátira social = social satire.
    * seguridad social = social security.
    * Seguridad Social Británica = National Health Service (NHS).
    * seguro social = social insurance.
    * servicio social = social service.
    * servicio social sustitutorio = community service.
    * servicios sociales = human services.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * social demócrata = social democratic.
    * tejido social, el = social web, the, fabric of society, the.
    * tendencia social = social trend.
    * urbanización de viviendas sociales = council estate.
    * velada social = social evening.
    * vivienda social = council tenancy, council house.
    * web social, la = social web, the.
    * * *
    1)
    a) <problemas/clase/lucha> social
    b) <reunión/compromiso> social
    2) (Fin) company (before n)
    * * *
    = social, societal, socialising [socializing, -USA], socialised [socialized, -USA], gregarious.

    Ex: She has been a vital and energetic voice in the movement to increase the sensitivity and responsibility of libraries to social issues, as well as a first-rate cataloger.

    Ex: A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.
    Ex: Thus teachers especially, because they have a captive audience, find themselves along with parents and a child's peers, one of a triumvirate of main socializing agents in a child's life.
    Ex: The client is rational and socialized and to a large extent determines self-destiny.
    Ex: The most popular activities are either those involving little physical effort (eg, listening to records), looking after the house & garden, or gregarious activities like going out for a drink.
    * acontecimiento social = community event, social.
    * actividad social = social activity.
    * acto social = networking event.
    * adaptación social = social adjustment.
    * agitación social = social upheaval.
    * aislamiento social = social isolation.
    * ansiedad social = social anxiety.
    * aprovechada de la asistencia social = welfare queen.
    * armonía social = social harmony.
    * asistencia social = social relief, welfare.
    * asistencia social para los mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * asistente social de barrio = community worker.
    * ayuda social = welfare benefits.
    * bienestar social = social welfare, welfare.
    * cambio social = social change, societal change.
    * capa social más distinguida, la = crust, the.
    * capital social = social capital.
    * causa social = social cause.
    * centro de asistencia social = welfare facility.
    * centro social = community centre, community hall.
    * centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.
    * ciencias sociales = social sciences, soft sciences, the.
    * club social = civic club.
    * cohesión social = social cohesion.
    * comentario social = social commentary.
    * complejo recreativo y social = leisure centre.
    * comportamiento social = social graces.
    * compromiso social = social engagement.
    * concertación social = social harmony.
    * conciencia social = social consciousness.
    * condiciones sociales = walks (of/in) life.
    * condición social = station in life.
    * conflictividad social = social unrest.
    * conflicto social = social conflict.
    * contrato social = social contract.
    * con una orientación social = socially-oriented.
    * convención social = social convention.
    * crítica social = social commentary.
    * cuestión social = social issue, societal issue.
    * cultura social = social culture.
    * debate social = public discourse.
    * derechos sociales = social rights.
    * descontento social = civil unrest, social unrest.
    * de una clase social superior = above + Posesivo + class.
    * diferencia social = social gap.
    * dimensión social = social dimension.
    * distancia social = social distance.
    * encuentro social = networking event.
    * enfermedad social = social disease.
    * entramado social, el = social web, the.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * equiparación social = social levelling.
    * escoria social de raza blanca = white trash.
    * espacio social = social space.
    * estatus social = class standing.
    * estratificación social = social stratification.
    * etiquetado social = social tagging.
    * evento social = social.
    * exclusión social = social exclusion.
    * fobia social = social anxiety.
    * grupo social = community group, social group.
    * hacer vida social = socialise [socialize, -USA].
    * inadaptación social = social maladjustment.
    * inadaptado social = social misfit.
    * incompetente social = geek, nerd, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].
    * incorporación social = social inclusion.
    * Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).
    * inepto social = nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], nerd, geek, geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].
    * influencia social = social influence.
    * injusticia social = social injustice.
    * inserción social = social insertion.
    * interacción social = social interaction.
    * malestar social = civil unrest, social malaise, social unrest.
    * marginación social = social exclusion.
    * marginado social = social outcast.
    * mediación social = social mediation.
    * medios de comunicación social = mass media.
    * mejora social = social improvement.
    * memoria social = social memory.
    * nivelación social = social levelling.
    * política social = social policy.
    * posición social = social standing.
    * práctica social = meme.
    * presión social = social pressure.
    * prestación social sustitut = community service.
    * profesión de vocación social = caring profession.
    * programa social = social program(me).
    * progreso social = social progress.
    * promoción social = social advancement.
    * rechazado social = social outcast.
    * redes sociales = social networking.
    * reintegración social = social reintegration.
    * reunión social = social gathering.
    * riesgo social = social risk.
    * salón social = community room, drop-in lounge, community hall.
    * sátira social = social satire.
    * seguridad social = social security.
    * Seguridad Social Británica = National Health Service (NHS).
    * seguro social = social insurance.
    * servicio social = social service.
    * servicio social sustitutorio = community service.
    * servicios sociales = human services.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * social demócrata = social democratic.
    * tejido social, el = social web, the, fabric of society, the.
    * tendencia social = social trend.
    * urbanización de viviendas sociales = council estate.
    * velada social = social evening.
    * vivienda social = council tenancy, council house.
    * web social, la = social web, the.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹cambio/problemas› social; ‹clase/lucha› social
    las reivindicaciones sociales de los trabajadores the workers' demands for improvements in social conditions
    2 ‹reunión/compromiso› social
    notas sociales or agenda social ( Period) society column/pages
    B ( Fin) company ( before n) capital2 (↑ capital (2)), razón, sede
    ( Esp)
    undercover police officer
    * * *

     

    social adjetivo
    social
    social adjetivo
    1 social
    2 Fin capital social, share capital
    domicilio social, registered address
    ' social' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agitación
    - alta
    - ambiente
    - argot
    - arribista
    - asistencia
    - asistente
    - beneficio
    - capital
    - cartilla
    - casta
    - círculo
    - clase
    - condición
    - conflictividad
    - convulsión
    - cotizar
    - cotización
    - entorno
    - específica
    - específico
    - estratificación
    - extracción
    - FSE
    - humildad
    - humilde
    - imponerse
    - INSERSO
    - insumisa
    - insumiso
    - malestar
    - movimiento
    - nivel
    - orientarse
    - rango
    - retirarse
    - seguridad
    - señor
    - situarse
    - socialdemócrata
    - SS
    - tertuliana
    - tertuliano
    - tratar
    - trepa
    - advenedizo
    - aportar
    - aporte
    - bien
    - bienestar
    English:
    antisocial
    - atmosphere
    - benefit
    - caring professions
    - civil
    - class
    - climber
    - community centre
    - dinner
    - enhance
    - health service
    - inbred
    - institution
    - Ivy League
    - ladder
    - lounge
    - misfit
    - National Insurance
    - NHS
    - pecking order
    - position
    - rise
    - rising
    - share capital
    - skill
    - social
    - social climber
    - Social Democrat
    - social insurance
    - social sciences
    - social security
    - social services
    - social welfare
    - social worker
    - socialize
    - socializing
    - standing
    - station
    - unrest
    - village hall
    - visitor
    - walk
    - welfare
    - welfare centre
    - welfare worker
    - ASBO
    - barbecue
    - bee
    - claim
    - code
    * * *
    social adj
    1. [clase, organización, lucha] social
    2. [vida, actividad] social
    3. Econ
    capital social share capital;
    sede social headquarters, head office
    * * *
    adj social
    * * *
    social adj
    : social
    ♦ socialmente adv
    * * *
    social adj social

    Spanish-English dictionary > social

  • 6 seguridad

    f.
    de seguridad safety (cinturón, cierre)
    seguridad en el trabajo safety at work o in the workplace
    seguridad vial road safety
    2 security.
    seguridad ciudadana public safety
    seguridad Social Social Security
    3 security (guardias).
    4 security (estabilidad, firmeza).
    una inversión que ofrece seguridad a safe o secure investment
    5 certainty (certidumbre).
    con seguridad for sure, definitely
    con toda seguridad with absolute certainty
    tener la seguridad de que to be certain that
    6 confidence (confianza).
    habla con mucha seguridad she speaks very confidently
    seguridad en sí mismo self-confidence
    mostrar una falsa seguridad to put on a show of confidence
    7 assurance, guaranty.
    8 self-reliance, firmness, positiveness, assurance.
    * * *
    1 (gen) security
    2 (física) safety
    3 (certeza) certainty, sureness
    4 (confianza) confidence
    5 (organismo) security
    6 (fiabilidad) reliability
    \
    con toda seguridad most probably
    de seguridad security
    en la seguridad de que... in the safe knowledge that...
    hablar con seguridad to speak with confidence
    para mayor seguridad (certeza) to be on the safe side 2 (protección) for safety's sake
    tener la seguridad de que... to be certain that..., be sure that...
    seguridad en sí mismo,-a self-confidence
    seguridad financiera financial security
    seguridad social ≈ National Health Service
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) assurance, certainty
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=falta de riesgo)
    a) [ante accidente, peligro] safety; [ante delito, atentado] security

    • cierre de seguridad — [de pulsera, collar, arma] safety catch

    • cinturón de seguridad — safety belt

    • empresa de seguridad — security company

    • medidas de seguridad — [ante accidente, incendio] safety measures; [ante delito, atentado] security measures

    b) [económica] security
    c) (Mil, Pol) security

    • consejo de seguridad — security council

    2)

    seguridad ciudadana — the security of the public from crime

    seguridad del Estado — national security, state security

    seguridad social — (=sistema de pensiones y paro) social security, welfare (EEUU); (=contribuciones) national insurance; (=sistema médico) national health service, ≈ NHS

    3) (=sensación) [de no tener peligro] security; [de confianza] confidence, assurance

    seguridad en uno mismo — self-confidence, self-assurance

    4) (=certeza) certainty

    • con seguridad, no lo sabemos con seguridad — we don't know for sure o for certain

    con toda seguridad, podemos decir que... — with complete certainty, we can say that...

    • tener la seguridad de que... — to be sure o certain that...

    tenía la seguridad de que algo iba a pasar — he was sure o certain that something was going to happen

    tengan ustedes la seguridad de que... — (you may) rest assured that... frm

    5) (Jur) [de fianza] security, surety
    * * *
    1) ( ausencia de peligro) safety; (protección contra robos, atentados) security

    medidas de seguridad — (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures; (contra robos, atentados) security measures

    2) (estabilidad, garantía) security
    3)
    a) ( certeza)
    b) (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidence

    tener seguridad en uno mismo — to be sure of oneself, to be self-confident

    * * *
    = fall-back [fallback], safety, security, peace of mind.
    Ex. The program has been enhanced to provide system security and the various levels of fall-back operation in the event of system failure.
    Ex. Not all topics are covered, but a broad group of industrial topics are represented, including, measurement, environmental and safety engineering, energy technology and communication.
    Ex. DBMS systems aim to provide data security and access safeguards.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Licensing of digital publications: peace of mind for research libraries or an expensive nightmare?'.
    ----
    * abrochar el cinturón de seguridad = fasten + seat belt.
    * alfiler de seguridad = safety pin.
    * ataque contra la seguridad = security attack.
    * barrera de seguridad = crush barrier.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * caja de seguridad = safe, safety deposit box.
    * cámara de seguridad = storage vault, security camera, surveillance camera.
    * certificado de seguridad = security certificate.
    * cinturón de seguridad = seat belt.
    * código de seguridad vial = highway safety code.
    * como medida de seguridad = as a backup.
    * con seguridad en uno mismo = assertively.
    * Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas = United Nations Security Council.
    * Consejo de Seguridad, el = Security Council, the.
    * con toda seguridad = safely.
    * control de seguridad = security checkpoint.
    * copia de seguridad = backup [back-up], duplicate copy, backup copy.
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * cotización a la seguridad social = national insurance contribution.
    * de máxima seguridad = safety critical [safety-critical].
    * depósito de seguridad = storage vault.
    * distancia de seguridad = stopping distance, braking distance.
    * encargado de seguridad = security officer, security officer.
    * evaluación de la seguridad = safety evaluation.
    * falsa sensación de seguridad = false sense of security.
    * fuerzas de seguridad = security forces.
    * guarda de seguridad = security patrol, security officer, security officer.
    * guardia de seguridad = security guard.
    * línea de seguridad = lifeline.
    * llevar puesto el cinturón de seguridad = wear + a seat belt.
    * malla de seguridad = safety net.
    * mecanismo de seguridad = security mechanism.
    * medida de seguridad = safety standard, security measure, safety regulation, safety precaution.
    * medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.
    * mostrador de seguridad = security desk.
    * ordenador de seguridad = firewall.
    * película de seguridad = safety film.
    * peligro para la seguridad = safety hazard, security risk.
    * personal de seguridad = security staff.
    * plan de seguridad = backup plan.
    * poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.
    * por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.
    * por seguridad = for safety reasons.
    * problema de seguridad = security problem.
    * red de seguridad = safety net.
    * relacionado con la seguridad = safety-related.
    * responsable de seguridad = safety official.
    * riesgo para la seguridad = security risk.
    * seguridad ambiental = environmental security.
    * seguridad ciudadana = public safety.
    * seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.
    * seguridad contra incendios = fire security, fire safety.
    * seguridad de circulación en bicicleta = bicycle safety.
    * seguridad de las redes = network security.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * seguridad en el empleo = employment protection and safety.
    * seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.
    * seguridad en (la) carretera = driving safety, road safety.
    * seguridad en las aglomeraciones = crowd safety.
    * seguridad en uno mismo = self-confidence, assertiveness, self-efficacy, self-belief.
    * seguridad informática = computer security.
    * seguridad laboral = occupational safety.
    * seguridad nacional = national security, homeland security.
    * seguridad personal = personal safety.
    * seguridad pública = public safety.
    * seguridad que da estar en un grupo numeroso = safety in numbers.
    * seguridad social = social security, national insurance.
    * Seguridad Social Británica = National Health Service (NHS).
    * seguridad urbana = urban safety, urban security.
    * seguridad vial = driving safety, road safety, highway safety.
    * servicio de seguridad = security service.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.
    * tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad = take + safety precautions.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad más estrictas = tighten + security.
    * valla de seguridad = crush barrier.
    * válvula de seguridad = safety valve, pressure relief valve.
    * vigilante de seguridad = security guard.
    * volver a la seguridad de = burrow back into.
    * vulneración de la seguridad = security breach.
    * vulnerar la seguridad = breach + security.
    * * *
    1) ( ausencia de peligro) safety; (protección contra robos, atentados) security

    medidas de seguridad — (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures; (contra robos, atentados) security measures

    2) (estabilidad, garantía) security
    3)
    a) ( certeza)
    b) (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidence

    tener seguridad en uno mismo — to be sure of oneself, to be self-confident

    * * *
    = fall-back [fallback], safety, security, peace of mind.

    Ex: The program has been enhanced to provide system security and the various levels of fall-back operation in the event of system failure.

    Ex: Not all topics are covered, but a broad group of industrial topics are represented, including, measurement, environmental and safety engineering, energy technology and communication.
    Ex: DBMS systems aim to provide data security and access safeguards.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Licensing of digital publications: peace of mind for research libraries or an expensive nightmare?'.
    * abrochar el cinturón de seguridad = fasten + seat belt.
    * alfiler de seguridad = safety pin.
    * ataque contra la seguridad = security attack.
    * barrera de seguridad = crush barrier.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * caja de seguridad = safe, safety deposit box.
    * cámara de seguridad = storage vault, security camera, surveillance camera.
    * certificado de seguridad = security certificate.
    * cinturón de seguridad = seat belt.
    * código de seguridad vial = highway safety code.
    * como medida de seguridad = as a backup.
    * con seguridad en uno mismo = assertively.
    * Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas = United Nations Security Council.
    * Consejo de Seguridad, el = Security Council, the.
    * con toda seguridad = safely.
    * control de seguridad = security checkpoint.
    * copia de seguridad = backup [back-up], duplicate copy, backup copy.
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * cotización a la seguridad social = national insurance contribution.
    * de máxima seguridad = safety critical [safety-critical].
    * depósito de seguridad = storage vault.
    * distancia de seguridad = stopping distance, braking distance.
    * encargado de seguridad = security officer, security officer.
    * evaluación de la seguridad = safety evaluation.
    * falsa sensación de seguridad = false sense of security.
    * fuerzas de seguridad = security forces.
    * guarda de seguridad = security patrol, security officer, security officer.
    * guardia de seguridad = security guard.
    * línea de seguridad = lifeline.
    * llevar puesto el cinturón de seguridad = wear + a seat belt.
    * malla de seguridad = safety net.
    * mecanismo de seguridad = security mechanism.
    * medida de seguridad = safety standard, security measure, safety regulation, safety precaution.
    * medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.
    * mostrador de seguridad = security desk.
    * ordenador de seguridad = firewall.
    * película de seguridad = safety film.
    * peligro para la seguridad = safety hazard, security risk.
    * personal de seguridad = security staff.
    * plan de seguridad = backup plan.
    * poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.
    * por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.
    * por seguridad = for safety reasons.
    * problema de seguridad = security problem.
    * red de seguridad = safety net.
    * relacionado con la seguridad = safety-related.
    * responsable de seguridad = safety official.
    * riesgo para la seguridad = security risk.
    * seguridad ambiental = environmental security.
    * seguridad ciudadana = public safety.
    * seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.
    * seguridad contra incendios = fire security, fire safety.
    * seguridad de circulación en bicicleta = bicycle safety.
    * seguridad de las redes = network security.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * seguridad en el empleo = employment protection and safety.
    * seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.
    * seguridad en (la) carretera = driving safety, road safety.
    * seguridad en las aglomeraciones = crowd safety.
    * seguridad en uno mismo = self-confidence, assertiveness, self-efficacy, self-belief.
    * seguridad informática = computer security.
    * seguridad laboral = occupational safety.
    * seguridad nacional = national security, homeland security.
    * seguridad personal = personal safety.
    * seguridad pública = public safety.
    * seguridad que da estar en un grupo numeroso = safety in numbers.
    * seguridad social = social security, national insurance.
    * Seguridad Social Británica = National Health Service (NHS).
    * seguridad urbana = urban safety, urban security.
    * seguridad vial = driving safety, road safety, highway safety.
    * servicio de seguridad = security service.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.
    * tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad = take + safety precautions.
    * tomar medidas de seguridad más estrictas = tighten + security.
    * valla de seguridad = crush barrier.
    * válvula de seguridad = safety valve, pressure relief valve.
    * vigilante de seguridad = security guard.
    * volver a la seguridad de = burrow back into.
    * vulneración de la seguridad = security breach.
    * vulnerar la seguridad = breach + security.

    * * *
    la seguridad de los rehenes the safety of the hostages
    como medida de seguridad, mantengan los cinturones abrochados as a safety precaution please keep your seatbelts fastened
    cierre de seguridad safety catch
    por razones de seguridad, no se permite fumar for safety reasons, smoking is not permitted
    medidas de seguridad (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures; (contra robos, atentados) security measures
    la empresa encargada de la seguridad del edificio the company responsible for the security of the building
    una prisión de alta seguridad a high security prison
    Compuestos:
    biosafety
    public safety
    la seguridad del estado state security, national security
    road safety
    B (estabilidad, garantía) security
    una alta seguridad para el inversor a high degree o level of security for the investor
    no ofrece ninguna seguridad it doesn't offer any security
    Compuesto:
    social security
    C
    1
    (certeza): no te lo puedo decir con seguridad I can't tell you for certain o for sure o ( frml) with any degree of certainty
    con seguridad se quedó dormido he's probably fallen asleep o ( colloq) I bet he's fallen asleep
    no me dio ninguna seguridad de tenerlo listo para mañana she didn't give me any assurances that she'd have it ready by tomorrow
    con toda seguridad te hace el favor you can be sure he'll do that for you
    2 (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidence
    tiene mucha seguridad en sí mismo he's very sure of himself, he has a lot of self-confidence
    da una falsa impresión de seguridad he gives off a false impression of self-confidence
    * * *

     

    seguridad sustantivo femenino
    1 ( ausencia de peligro) safety;
    (protección contra robos, atentados) security;
    ◊ medidas de seguridad (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures;


    (contra robos, atentados) security measures;

    seguridad ciudadana public safety
    2 (estabilidad, garantía) security;

    3

    ◊ podemos decir con seguridad que … we can say for sure o with certainty that …

    b) (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidence

    seguridad sustantivo femenino
    1 (confianza) confidence: hablaba con mucha seguridad, he spoke with great self-confidence
    2 (certeza) sureness: ten la seguridad de que no te engañará, you can be certain that he won't deceive you
    con toda seguridad, surely
    3 (garantía) no me dan la seguridad de que me vayan a contratar, they won't guarantee that they'll hire me
    4 (contra accidentes) safety
    cinturón de seguridad, safety belt
    seguridad en el empleo, safety at work
    5 (contra robos, etc) security
    cerradura de seguridad, security lock 6 Seguridad Social, Social Security, GB National Health Service
    Recuerda que safety se refiere a la seguridad física, mientras que security hace referencia a la seguridad contra el delito.
    ' seguridad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alta
    - beneficio
    - cartilla
    - cierre
    - cinturón
    - confianza
    - copia
    - cotizar
    - cotización
    - específica
    - específico
    - inspección
    - red
    - responsable
    - SS
    - válvula
    - abrochar
    - ajustar
    - aportar
    - aporte
    - atentar
    - bóveda
    - burlar
    - caja
    - consejo
    - estado
    - falla
    - garantía
    - norma
    - potenciar
    - reforzar
    - riguroso
    - seguro
    English:
    around-the clock
    - asbestos
    - assurance
    - backup
    - bolster
    - buckle up
    - certainty
    - check
    - compromise
    - demonstrate
    - failsafe
    - health service
    - job security
    - most
    - National Insurance
    - NHS
    - pass
    - road safety
    - safe-deposit
    - safety
    - safety belt
    - safety net
    - screen
    - seal
    - seatbelt
    - security
    - Security Council
    - security forces
    - social insurance
    - social security
    - social welfare
    - speech
    - steward
    - strap in
    - tight
    - tighten
    - tighten up
    - unfasten
    - welfare
    - back
    - brim
    - doubt
    - fail
    - guard
    - harness
    - homeland
    - involve
    - national
    - pretense
    - record
    * * *
    1. [ausencia de peligro físico] safety;
    la seguridad de los pasajeros es nuestra prioridad passenger safety is our priority;
    de seguridad [cinturón, cierre] safety
    seguridad ciudadana public safety;
    la principal preocupación del electorado es la seguridad ciudadana the main concern of the electorate is law and order;
    seguridad en el trabajo safety at work o in the workplace;
    seguridad vial road safety
    2. [protección material, afectiva] security
    seguridad privada security firms;
    Seguridad Social Social Security
    3. [estabilidad, firmeza] security;
    una inversión que ofrece seguridad a safe o secure investment
    4. [certidumbre] certainty;
    con seguridad for sure, definitely;
    no lo sé con seguridad I don't know for sure o for certain;
    con toda seguridad with absolute certainty;
    tener la seguridad de que to be certain that
    5. [confianza] confidence;
    habla con mucha seguridad she speaks very confidently;
    seguridad en sí mismo self-confidence;
    mostrar una falsa seguridad to put on a show of confidence
    * * *
    f
    1 de tratamiento, puente safety;
    2 contra crimen security
    3 ( certeza) certainty;
    * * *
    1) : safety, security
    2) : (financial) security
    seguridad social: Social Security
    3) certeza: certainty, assurance
    con toda seguridad: with complete certainty
    4) : confidence, self-confidence
    * * *
    1. (contra robos, ataques, etc) security
    3. (certeza) certainty
    4. (confianza) confidence

    Spanish-English dictionary > seguridad

  • 7 guarda

    intj.
    watch out, look out.
    f.
    1 guardianship (tutela).
    2 flyleaf.
    f. & m.
    guard, keeper (vigilante).
    guarda forestal gamekeeper, forest ranger
    guarda jurado security guard
    m.
    1 watchman, gatekeeper, guard, caretaker.
    2 shield, protector.
    3 flyleaf, end sheet, end leaf, endpaper.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: guardar.
    * * *
    1 (persona) guard, keeper
    1 (custodia) custody, care
    2 (de la ley etc) observance
    4 (de libro) flyleaf
    \
    Angel de la Guarda guardian angel
    guarda forestal forest ranger
    guarda jurado security guard
    * * *
    noun mf.
    * * *
    1. SMF
    1) (=vigilante) [de parque, cementerio] keeper; [de edificio] security guard

    guarda de caza, guarda de coto — gamekeeper

    guarda de pesca — water bailiff, fish (and game) warden (EEUU)

    2) Cono Sur (Ferro) ticket inspector
    2. SF
    1) [de libro] flyleaf, endpaper
    2) (Téc) [de cerradura] ward; [de espada] guard
    3) Cono Sur (Cos) trimming, border
    4) (=custodia) [de lugar, costumbre] guarding; [de niño] guardianship
    ángel 1)
    5) [de la ley] observance
    * * *
    I
    masculino y femenino (de museo, parque) keeper; ( de edificio público) security guard
    II
    1)
    a) ( de cerradura) ward
    b) ( de libro) flyleaf
    2) ( acción) keeping
    * * *
    = fly-leaf [fly-leaves, -pl.], attendant, paste-down, park attendant, paper paste-down, guard, vigilante, gamekeeper, security officer, security officer.
    Ex. These books he bound up in three volumes, and on the fly leaf of the first volume wrote his name.
    Ex. Other libraries allow bags to be brought in but an attendant is employed to check the contents as the reader leaves the library.
    Ex. Their purpose was, as paste-downs, to reinforce the joints of the covers and, as flyleaves, to give additional protection to the end pages of the book.
    Ex. Slake was disturbed in his daydream by shouts from the park attendant.
    Ex. A strip of paper or vellum was pasted on to the spine to reinforce it, and a skin of the right size was stuck down over the spine and the outside of both boards, the overlapping edges being turned in and secured inside the boards under a paper paste-down.
    Ex. A guard is a strip of paper, muslin, or other thin material used to attach or reinforce leaves or inserts in books, permitting bending.
    Ex. In a complex social mechanism librarians were often the most active vigilantes.
    Ex. Both particularly fancied the idea of Hughes as gamekeeper and bard of the primitive urges, whose animal magnetism drives women mad.
    Ex. Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    Ex. Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    ----
    * ángel de la guarda = guardian angel.
    * casa del guarda = lodge.
    * guarda de los aparcamientos O.R.A. = meter maid.
    * guarda de seguridad = security patrol, security officer, security officer.
    * guarda forestal = wildlife manager, gamekeeper, forestry official.
    * guardas = endpapers.
    * guardas de la contratapa = lining papers.
    * hoja de guarda = fly-leaf [fly-leaves, -pl.].
    * * *
    I
    masculino y femenino (de museo, parque) keeper; ( de edificio público) security guard
    II
    1)
    a) ( de cerradura) ward
    b) ( de libro) flyleaf
    2) ( acción) keeping
    * * *
    = fly-leaf [fly-leaves, -pl.], attendant, paste-down, park attendant, paper paste-down, guard, vigilante, gamekeeper, security officer, security officer.

    Ex: These books he bound up in three volumes, and on the fly leaf of the first volume wrote his name.

    Ex: Other libraries allow bags to be brought in but an attendant is employed to check the contents as the reader leaves the library.
    Ex: Their purpose was, as paste-downs, to reinforce the joints of the covers and, as flyleaves, to give additional protection to the end pages of the book.
    Ex: Slake was disturbed in his daydream by shouts from the park attendant.
    Ex: A strip of paper or vellum was pasted on to the spine to reinforce it, and a skin of the right size was stuck down over the spine and the outside of both boards, the overlapping edges being turned in and secured inside the boards under a paper paste-down.
    Ex: A guard is a strip of paper, muslin, or other thin material used to attach or reinforce leaves or inserts in books, permitting bending.
    Ex: In a complex social mechanism librarians were often the most active vigilantes.
    Ex: Both particularly fancied the idea of Hughes as gamekeeper and bard of the primitive urges, whose animal magnetism drives women mad.
    Ex: Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    Ex: Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    * ángel de la guarda = guardian angel.
    * casa del guarda = lodge.
    * guarda de los aparcamientos O.R.A. = meter maid.
    * guarda de seguridad = security patrol, security officer, security officer.
    * guarda forestal = wildlife manager, gamekeeper, forestry official.
    * guardas = endpapers.
    * guardas de la contratapa = lining papers.
    * hoja de guarda = fly-leaf [fly-leaves, -pl.].

    * * *
    A (de un museo, parque) keeper; (de un edificio público) security guard
    Compuestos:
    forest ranger
    masculine and feminine security guard
    B
    1 ( RPl) (en trenes) guard
    2 (Ur) (de un ómnibus) bus conductor
    A
    2 (de un libro) flyleaf
    3 (CS) (en costura) border, decorative trim
    irse/venirse guarda abajo ( Chi fam); to come crashing down
    B ( Der) custody ( of a child)
    C (acción) keeping
    manzanas de guarda apples which can be stored o kept for long periods
    * * *

    Del verbo guardar: ( conjugate guardar)

    guarda es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    guarda    
    guardar
    guarda sustantivo masculino y femenino (de museo, parque) keeper;
    ( de edificio público) tb

    guardar ( conjugate guardar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( reservar) to save, keep;
    ◊ guarda algo para después save o keep sth for later

    2
    a) ( poner en un lugar) ‹juguetes/libros› to put … away;


    b) (conservar, mantener) to keep;


    guarda las apariencias to keep up appearances
    c) ‹ secreto› to keep;

    ‹ rencor› to bear, harbor( conjugate harbor);

    guardarse verbo pronominal
    1


    2 ( poner en un lugar):

    guarda sustantivo masculino y femenino guard
    guarda jurado, security guard
    guarda forestal, forest ranger
    ángel de la guarda, guardian angel
    guardar verbo transitivo
    1 (preservar) to keep: ¿puedes guardármelo?, can you look after it for me?
    todavía guardo sus cosas, I still keep his things
    2 (un secreto, recuerdo) to keep: guardaron silencio, they remained silent
    guardemos un minuto de silencio, let's observe a minute's silence
    guarden silencio, por favor, be quiet, please
    3 (en un sitio) to put away: guarda las tazas en ese armario, put the cups away in that cupboard
    4 (reservar) to keep
    5 Inform to save
    ♦ Locuciones: guardar cama, to stay in bed
    ' guarda' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ángel
    - el
    - forestal I
    - guardar
    - parecida
    - parecido
    - pecho
    - proporción
    - relevar
    - ronda
    English:
    attendant
    - exact
    - guardian
    - keep
    - lodge
    - meticulous
    - proportionate
    - put back
    - relation
    - security guard
    - bus
    - conductor
    - fly
    - guard
    - keeper
    - ranger
    - safe
    - security
    * * *
    ♦ nmf
    1. [vigilante] guard, keeper
    guarda forestal gamekeeper, forest ranger;
    guarda jurado security guard;
    guarda de seguridad security guard
    2. Urug [cobrador] conductor
    ♦ nf
    1. [tutela] guardianship
    2. [de libros] flyleaf
    3. [de cerradura] ward
    4. Andes, RP [ribete] ribbing, trimming
    * * *
    m/f keeper
    * * *
    guarda nmf
    1) guardián: security guard
    2) : keeper, custodian
    * * *
    1. (en general) guard
    2. (de zoo) keeper

    Spanish-English dictionary > guarda

  • 8 Sozialabfindung

    Sozialabfindung
    redundancy payment (Br.), severance allowance (benefit, pay) (US);
    • Sozialabfindungsgesetz Redundancy Payments Act (Br.);
    • Sozialabgaben (Arbeiterrentenversicherung) old-age benefit taxes (US), social [security] contributions (payments), social security tax (US);
    • Sozialabteilung (Betrieb) employee benefit and service division;
    • Sozialamt social security office, health and welfare department (US), welfare agency (US), Public Assistance Authority (US), Social Services Department;
    • seine zusätzlichen Sozialansprüche abtreten to transfer one’s service credits;
    • Sozialarbeit welfare (US) (social) work;
    • Sozialarbeiter social worker;
    • Sozialattaché labo(u)r attaché;
    • Sozialaufwand social-service spending, welfare expenditure (spending, US), welfare-care costs;
    • öffentlicher Sozialaufwand public spending on the social services;
    • gesetzliche Sozialaufwendungen social expenditures (US) (security contributions);
    • freiwillige Sozialaufwendungen fringe benefits (payments);
    • Sozialausgaben social (welfare) expenditures (US), social service expenditure, welfare benefits (US);
    • zusätzliche Sozialausgaben fringe benefits;
    • im Vorjahr 10,8 Mio. Dollar geringere Sozialausgaben haben to have saved $ 10,8 m last year on the welfare budget;
    • Sozialausschuss public (US) (national, Br.) assistance committee;
    • Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschuss (EU) Economic and Social Council;
    • Sozialbeamter social (welfare) worker;
    • Sozialbehörde social (welfare) agency (US);
    • betriebliche Sozialbeihilfen company (fringe) benefits;
    • Sozialbeiträge old-age benefit taxes (US), social [security] contributions;
    • Sozialbericht social survey;
    • Sozialbestimmungen welfare provisions;
    • Sozialbewusstsein social consciousness;
    • Sozialbilanz social-economic balance sheet;
    • Sozialcharta (Europäischer Rat) Social Charter;
    • Sozialdiagnose social analysis;
    • Sozialeinkommen social service payments, supplementary security income (US);
    • Sozialeinrichtungen welfare institutions (facilities), social services;
    • Sozialetat social budget;
    • Sozialfonds (Unternehmen) employee benefit trust;
    • Europäischer Sozialfonds European Social Fund;
    • Sozialforscher social investigator;
    • Sozialforschung social research;
    • Sozialfürsorge social welfare (US), social (parish) relief (Br.);
    • betriebliche Sozialfürsorge industrial welfare [work], welfare management;
    • der Sozialfürsorge anheim fallen to be put on public assistance rolls (US), to come upon the parish (Br.);
    • Sozialfürsorger social (welfare) [case]worker, relieving officer (Br.), warden of the poor (Br.), (mil.) welfare officer (Br.);
    • Sozialgericht Local Appeal Tribunal (Br.), Pension Tribunal (Br.);
    • Sozialgesetzgebung social (welfare) legislation;
    • Sozialgesetzgebung neu fassen to rewrite the welfare system;
    • Sozialhaushalt social budget;
    • Sozialhelfer reliever of the poor (Br.).

    Business german-english dictionary > Sozialabfindung

  • 9 vigilante

    adj.
    1 vigilant.
    2 alert, open-eyed, wary, wakeful.
    3 watching.
    f. & m.
    1 guard.
    vigilante nocturno night watchman
    2 vigilante, member of a vigilance group.
    3 bouncer, chucker-out.
    * * *
    1 (que vigila) vigilant, watchful
    2 (alerta) alert
    1 (hombre) guard, watchman; (mujer) guard
    \
    vigilante jurado security guard
    vigilante nocturno night watchman
    * * *
    1. adj.
    alert, vigilant
    2. noun mf.
    watchman, guard
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ (gen) vigilant, watchful; (=alerta) alert
    2. SMF
    1) (en cárcel) warder, guard (EEUU); [de trabajo] supervisor; (en tienda) store detective; [de museo] keeper; (en piscina) attendant

    vigilante de noche, vigilante nocturno — night watchman

    2) ( Cono Sur) (=policía) policeman
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo vigilant, on the alert
    II
    masculino y femenino ( en tienda) store detective; (en banco, edificio público) security guard
    * * *
    = watchman [watchmen, -pl.], vigilant, watchful, warder, guard, warden, vigilante, enforcer, security officer, security officer.
    Ex. These descriptors are still alive: boatmen, city council-men, firemen, foremen, longshoremen, stunt men, statesmen, watchmen, man and manpower.
    Ex. After a discussion of the historical background to copyright, the reasons why libraries have had to become vigilant about infringement of copyright are examined.
    Ex. Though in the teacher's case it does mean that he is more watchful for opportunities.
    Ex. The provision of health and disability information direct to patients, rather than making such information the province of warders or guardians, is a new trend.
    Ex. This article reports on the results of a survey measuring student library users' perception of the effectiveness of using guards in the library.
    Ex. Carers and wardens are encouraged to involve themselves in the service.
    Ex. In a complex social mechanism librarians were often the most active vigilantes.
    Ex. They merely act as a conduit of state funds rather than an enforcer of the rules meant to guarantee the lawful use of those funds.
    Ex. Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    Ex. Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    ----
    * vigilante de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].
    * vigilante de parque = park attendant.
    * vigilante de seguridad = security guard.
    * vigilante nocturno = night watchman.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo vigilant, on the alert
    II
    masculino y femenino ( en tienda) store detective; (en banco, edificio público) security guard
    * * *
    = watchman [watchmen, -pl.], vigilant, watchful, warder, guard, warden, vigilante, enforcer, security officer, security officer.

    Ex: These descriptors are still alive: boatmen, city council-men, firemen, foremen, longshoremen, stunt men, statesmen, watchmen, man and manpower.

    Ex: After a discussion of the historical background to copyright, the reasons why libraries have had to become vigilant about infringement of copyright are examined.
    Ex: Though in the teacher's case it does mean that he is more watchful for opportunities.
    Ex: The provision of health and disability information direct to patients, rather than making such information the province of warders or guardians, is a new trend.
    Ex: This article reports on the results of a survey measuring student library users' perception of the effectiveness of using guards in the library.
    Ex: Carers and wardens are encouraged to involve themselves in the service.
    Ex: In a complex social mechanism librarians were often the most active vigilantes.
    Ex: They merely act as a conduit of state funds rather than an enforcer of the rules meant to guarantee the lawful use of those funds.
    Ex: Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    Ex: Guards, who are also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity.
    * vigilante de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].
    * vigilante de parque = park attendant.
    * vigilante de seguridad = security guard.
    * vigilante nocturno = night watchman.

    * * *
    alert, vigilant, on the alert
    estaba en actitud vigilante he was on the alert
    (en una tienda) store detective; (en un banco, edificio público) security guard
    Compuestos:
    security guard
    night watchman
    * * *

    vigilante adjetivo
    vigilant, on the alert;

    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( en tienda) store detective;

    (en banco, edificio público) security guard;
    ◊ vigilante jurado/nocturno security guard/night watchman

    vigilante
    I sustantivo masculino y femenino watchman, guard
    vigilante jurado, security guard
    II adjetivo watchful, on the alert

    ' vigilante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ronda
    - rondar
    - vigía
    - sereno
    English:
    keeper
    - vigilante
    - watchful
    - watchman
    - vigilant
    - watch
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    vigilant;
    conviene mantenerse vigilantes it's best to stay on your guard o remain alert
    ♦ nmf
    guard
    vigilante jurado security guard;
    vigilante nocturno nighwatchman
    * * *
    I adj watchful, vigilant
    II m L.Am.
    policeman
    * * *
    : vigilant, watchful
    : watchman, guard
    * * *
    vigilante n guard

    Spanish-English dictionary > vigilante

  • 10 Beamte

    m; -n, -n official; bei Polizei, Zoll: officer; staatlich: government official, civil servant; umg. (Angestellter) employee; Beamter sein be a civil servant; ein typischer Beamter pej. a typical bureaucrat; ein kleiner Beamter a minor (oder bes. pej. petty) official ( oder bureaucrat); ein hoher Beamter a high-ranking civil servant
    * * *
    der Beamte
    official; civil servant; officer
    * * *
    Be|ạm|te
    m
    See:
    = Beamte(r)
    * * *
    (a member of the civil service.) civil servant
    * * *
    Be·am·te(r), Be·am·tin
    [bəˈʔamtə, -ˈʔamtɐ]
    m, f dekl wie adj public official; (Polizeibeamte) police officer; (Postbeamte) post-office official; (Staatsbeamte) civil servant; (Zollbeamte) customs officer
    \Beamte auf Probe civil servant on probation
    \Beamte auf Lebenszeit civil servant
    \Beamte auf Widerruf probationary civil servant
    \Beamte auf Zeit temporary civil servant
    * * *
    der; adj. Dekl. official; (StaatsBeamte) [permanent] civil servant; (KommunalBeamte) [established] local government officer or official; (PolizeiBeamte) [police] officer; (ZollBeamte) [customs] officer or official
    •• Cultural note:
    This term covers civil servants and other officials, but also occupations like teachers and lecturers. Beamte are legally obliged to support the democratic system in Germany and are not allowed to go on strike. In return, they enjoy many privileges, such as total job security, private health insurance, and exemption from social security contributions
    * * *
    Beamte m; -n, -n official; bei Polizei, Zoll: officer; staatlich: government official, civil servant; umg (Angestellter) employee;
    Beamter sein be a civil servant;
    ein typischer Beamter pej a typical bureaucrat;
    ein kleiner Beamter a minor (oder besonders pej petty) official ( oder bureaucrat);
    ein hoher Beamter a high-ranking civil servant
    * * *
    der; adj. Dekl. official; (StaatsBeamte) [permanent] civil servant; (KommunalBeamte) [established] local government officer or official; (PolizeiBeamte) [police] officer; (ZollBeamte) [customs] officer or official
    •• Cultural note:
    This term covers civil servants and other officials, but also occupations like teachers and lecturers. Beamte are legally obliged to support the democratic system in Germany and are not allowed to go on strike. In return, they enjoy many privileges, such as total job security, private health insurance, and exemption from social security contributions
    * * *
    -n m.
    civil servant n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Beamte

  • 11 agente

    f. & m.
    agente libre de seguros insurance broker
    agente marítimo(a) shipping agent
    2 officer (funcionario).
    agente de aduanas customs officer
    agente doble double agent
    agente especial special agent
    agente de inmigración immigration officer
    agente de policía police officer, policeman, f. policewoman
    agente secreto secret agent
    agente de seguridad security officer
    3 operator.
    4 factor.
    5 detective constable.
    m.
    * * *
    1 agent
    1 agent
    1 agent
    \
    agente de policía (hombre) policeman 2 (mujer) policewoman
    agente de tráfico (hombre) traffic policeman 2 (mujer) traffic policewoman
    agente inmobiliario estate agent
    * * *
    noun mf.
    - agente inmobiliario
    * * *
    1.
    SMF (=representante) agent; (=policía) policeman/policewoman; LAm (=oficial) officer, official

    agente de negocios — business agent, broker

    agente de publicidad — (Com) advertising agent; (Teat) publicity agent

    agente de seguridad — [en vuelos comerciales] sky marshal

    agente de tránsito — Arg, Méx traffic policeman/policewoman

    agente de turismo — travel agent, courier

    agente de ventas — sales agent, sales rep, sales representative

    agente inmobiliario — estate agent, real estate agent o broker (EEUU), realtor (EEUU)

    agente oficial — official agent, authorized agent

    agente viajero — commercial traveller, salesman

    2.
    SM (Quím) agent
    * * *
    masculino y femenino
    1) (Com, Fin) agent
    2) (frml) ( funcionario) employee
    3) agente masculino (Med, Tec, Ling) agent
    * * *
    = agent, instrumentality, officer, broker, enforcer.
    Ex. These forms usually provide space for the user or his agent to enter the relevant information.
    Ex. But there are signs of a change as new and powerful instrumentalities come into use.
    Ex. All officers were remorseful about taking a life but all would make the same decision again if necessary.
    Ex. Above all, the information manager is a resource manager as well as a kind of broker between increasingly complex information technology and managers/users.
    Ex. They merely act as a conduit of state funds rather than an enforcer of the rules meant to guarantee the lawful use of those funds.
    ----
    * agente aglutinante = binder, bonding agent.
    * agente antiaglutinante = anti-caking agent.
    * agente antiapelmazante = anti-caking agent.
    * agente bibliotecario = library agent.
    * agente biológico = biological agent.
    * agente cancerígeno = carcinogen.
    * agente comercial = commercial vendor.
    * agente de absorción = absorber.
    * agente de bolsa = stockbroker, market trader, stock market trader, share market trader.
    * agente de búsqueda = intelligent search agent, search agent.
    * agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.
    * agente de fermentación = leavening agent, leavening, raising agent.
    * agente del cambio = change agent.
    * agente del orden = law enforcement officer, law-enforcement official, law enforcer.
    * agente de noticias web = newsbot.
    * agente depresivo = downer, depressant.
    * agente de seguros = insurance agent, insurer, insurance broker.
    * agente de viajes = travel agent.
    * agente estresante = stressor.
    * agente extranjero = foreign agent.
    * agente federal = federal agent.
    * agente furtivo = infiltrator.
    * agente informático = software agent.
    * agente inmobiliario = realtor.
    * agente inteligente = intelligent agent, mining agent, intelligent search agent, search agent.
    * agente inteligente de compras = shopping agent.
    * agente irritante = irritant, allergen.
    * Agente Naranja = Agent Orange.
    * agente neutralizador = neutralising agent.
    * agente oxidante = oxidant, oxidising agent.
    * agente patógeno = pathogen.
    * agente provocador = agent-provocateur.
    * agente químico = chemical agent.
    * agente reactivo = reagent.
    * agente secador = drying agent.
    * agente secreto = undercover agent, secret agent.
    * agentes federales, los = feds, the.
    * hacerse agente secreto = go undercover.
    * * *
    masculino y femenino
    1) (Com, Fin) agent
    2) (frml) ( funcionario) employee
    3) agente masculino (Med, Tec, Ling) agent
    * * *
    = agent, instrumentality, officer, broker, enforcer.

    Ex: These forms usually provide space for the user or his agent to enter the relevant information.

    Ex: But there are signs of a change as new and powerful instrumentalities come into use.
    Ex: All officers were remorseful about taking a life but all would make the same decision again if necessary.
    Ex: Above all, the information manager is a resource manager as well as a kind of broker between increasingly complex information technology and managers/users.
    Ex: They merely act as a conduit of state funds rather than an enforcer of the rules meant to guarantee the lawful use of those funds.
    * agente aglutinante = binder, bonding agent.
    * agente antiaglutinante = anti-caking agent.
    * agente antiapelmazante = anti-caking agent.
    * agente bibliotecario = library agent.
    * agente biológico = biological agent.
    * agente cancerígeno = carcinogen.
    * agente comercial = commercial vendor.
    * agente de absorción = absorber.
    * agente de bolsa = stockbroker, market trader, stock market trader, share market trader.
    * agente de búsqueda = intelligent search agent, search agent.
    * agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.
    * agente de fermentación = leavening agent, leavening, raising agent.
    * agente del cambio = change agent.
    * agente del orden = law enforcement officer, law-enforcement official, law enforcer.
    * agente de noticias web = newsbot.
    * agente depresivo = downer, depressant.
    * agente de seguros = insurance agent, insurer, insurance broker.
    * agente de viajes = travel agent.
    * agente estresante = stressor.
    * agente extranjero = foreign agent.
    * agente federal = federal agent.
    * agente furtivo = infiltrator.
    * agente informático = software agent.
    * agente inmobiliario = realtor.
    * agente inteligente = intelligent agent, mining agent, intelligent search agent, search agent.
    * agente inteligente de compras = shopping agent.
    * agente irritante = irritant, allergen.
    * Agente Naranja = Agent Orange.
    * agente neutralizador = neutralising agent.
    * agente oxidante = oxidant, oxidising agent.
    * agente patógeno = pathogen.
    * agente provocador = agent-provocateur.
    * agente químico = chemical agent.
    * agente reactivo = reagent.
    * agente secador = drying agent.
    * agente secreto = undercover agent, secret agent.
    * agentes federales, los = feds, the.
    * hacerse agente secreto = go undercover.

    * * *
    A ( Com, Fin) agent
    Compuestos:
    artistic agent
    sales representative, sales rep ( colloq)
    ● agente de bolsa or de cambio
    stockbroker
    export agent
    real estate agent ( AmE), realtor ( AmE), estate agent ( BrE)
    patent agent
    advertising agent
    insurance broker
    sales agent
    travel agent
    real estate agent ( AmE), realtor ( AmE), estate agent ( BrE)
    ( Inf) intelligent agent
    literary agent
    advertising agent
    B ( frml) (funcionario) employee
    Compuestos:
    ( period); police officer
    police officer
    security guard
    ≈ traffic policeman ( in US), ≈ traffic warden ( in UK)
    (Arg, Méx) agente de tráfico
    undercover agent
    special agent
    agent provocateur
    secret agent
    C
    1 ( Med, Tec) agent
    2 ( Ling) agent
    3 ( Quím) agent
    agente oxidante/químico oxidizing/chemical agent
    * * *

     

    agente sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 (Com, Fin) agent;

    agente de publicidad advertising agent;
    agente de seguros insurance broker;
    agente de viajes travel agent
    2 (frml) ( funcionario) employee;

    agente de tráfico or (Arg, Méx) de tránsito ≈ traffic policeman ( in US), ≈ traffic warden ( in UK);
    agente secreto secret agent
    agente mf
    1 agent
    agente de bolsa, stockbroker
    agente de seguros, insurance broker
    2 (policía: hombre) policeman
    (policía: mujer) policewoman
    agente de tráfico, traffic policeman
    ' agente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    inmobiliaria
    - inmobiliario
    - judicial
    - secreta
    - secreto
    - acreditado
    - alguacil
    - cana
    - carabinero
    - con
    - corredor
    - marítimo
    - policía
    - por
    - tamarindo
    - tira
    English:
    agent
    - banker
    - broker
    - by
    - customs
    - estate agent
    - free agent
    - infiltrator
    - insurance agent
    - intelligence agent
    - of
    - officer
    - operator
    - pc
    - police constable
    - police officer
    - policeman
    - policewoman
    - press agent
    - secret agent
    - shipping agent
    - show round
    - spycatcher
    - constable
    - detective
    - estate
    - irritant
    - manager
    - police
    - pollutant
    - realtor
    - rep
    - representative
    - stock
    - travel
    - trooper
    * * *
    ♦ nmf
    1. [representante] agent
    agente artístico agent [of artiste, actor];
    agente de bolsa stockbroker;
    agente de cambio stockbroker;
    agente inmobiliario Br estate agent, US real estate agent;
    agente libre de seguros insurance broker;
    agente literario literary agent;
    agente de patentes patent agent;
    agente de la propiedad Br estate agent, US real estate agent;
    agente de seguros insurance broker;
    agente teatral theatrical agent
    2. [funcionario] officer
    agente de aduanas customs officer;
    agente doble double agent;
    agente de inmigración immigration officer;
    agente de policía police officer, policeman, f policewoman;
    agente secreto secret agent;
    agente de seguridad security officer;
    RP agente de tránsito traffic policeman
    3. Econ agentes económicos o sociales social partners
    ♦ nm
    1. [causa activa] agent
    Quím agente oxidante oxidizing agent; Biol agente patógeno pathogen; Quím agente reductor reducing agent; Quím agente tensioactivo surfactant; Informát agente de usuario user agent
    2. Gram agent
    * * *
    I m agent
    II m/f agent
    * * *
    agente nmf
    1) : agent
    2)
    agente de viajes : travel agent
    3)
    agente de bolsa : stockbroker
    4)
    agente de tráfico : traffic officer
    * * *
    2. (policía) policeman [pl. policemen] / policewoman [pl. policewomen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > agente

  • 12 SAO

    1) Компьютерная техника: Standard Adep Output
    4) Метеорология: Surface Aviation Observation
    6) Сокращение: Serbian Autonomous Region, Special Access Only (Security classification), Submarine Approach Officer, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
    7) Вычислительная техника: Session At Once (CD), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Space), Source Address Omitted (flag, CATNIP)
    8) Пищевая промышленность: Session At Once
    9) Фирменный знак: Stacy Adams Outdoors
    10) Деловая лексика: Situation Action Outcome
    11) Химическое оружие: Staff Action Officer
    12) Должность: Salvation Army Officer
    13) Аэропорты: Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SAO

  • 13 sao

    1) Компьютерная техника: Standard Adep Output
    4) Метеорология: Surface Aviation Observation
    6) Сокращение: Serbian Autonomous Region, Special Access Only (Security classification), Submarine Approach Officer, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
    7) Вычислительная техника: Session At Once (CD), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Space), Source Address Omitted (flag, CATNIP)
    8) Пищевая промышленность: Session At Once
    9) Фирменный знак: Stacy Adams Outdoors
    10) Деловая лексика: Situation Action Outcome
    11) Химическое оружие: Staff Action Officer
    12) Должность: Salvation Army Officer
    13) Аэропорты: Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sao

  • 14 US pensions system

    страх., эк. тр., амер. пенсионная система США (состоит из государственного пенсионного обеспечения, традиционных частных пенсий, накопительных вкладов по месту работы, индивидуальных пенсионных вкладов, государственных пособий (социальной пенсии) для лиц, вообще не работавших, не достигших какого-л. нетрудоспособного возраста)
    See:
    state pension, Social Security, FICA tax, Federal Insurance Contributions Act, hospital insurance, Social Security Administration, Social Security benefit, social security card, social security number, average indexed monthly earnings, primary insurance amount, Medicare, deferred compensation plan, private pension plan, individual retirement account, 401(k) plan, 403(b) plan, supplemental security income, food stamp, 30-and-out pension, Economic Recovery Tax Act, Employee Benefits Security Administration, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, employee stock ownership plan, Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, Keogh plan, National Retired Teachers Association, qualified pension plan, non-qualified pension plan, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, productive ageing, Railroad Retirement Act, Railroad Retirement Board, retirement account, retirement officer, Retirement Protection Act, rule of 45, salary reduction agreement, salary reduction plan, self-directed IRA, self-employed pension, self-employed retirement plan, simplified employee pension plan, Social Security Act 1935, tax deferment

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > US pensions system

  • 15 SAO

    SAO, security assistance office
    управление [отдел] по оказанию помощи в обеспечении безопасности
    ————————
    SAO, security assistance officer
    ————————
    SAO, security assistance organization
    ————————
    SAO, selected attack option
    ————————
    SAO, senior accountant officer
    ————————
    SAO, single airlift organization
    ————————
    SAO, social actions office
    ————————
    SAO, social actions officer
    ————————
    SAO, special activities office
    управление [отдел] специальных мероприятий
    ————————
    SAO, special air operations
    ————————
    SAO, staff administrative office
    административный отдел [отделение] штаба
    ————————
    SAO, support air observation
    ————————
    SAO, survivor's assistance office
    ————————
    SAO, survivor's assistance officer
    ————————
    SAO, systems analysis office
    управление [отдел] системного анализа

    English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > SAO

  • 16 sécurité

    sécurité [sekyʀite]
    1. feminine noun
       a. ( = absence de danger) safety ; ( = absence de troubles) security
    • être/se sentir en sécurité to be/feel safe
       b. ( = mécanisme) safety catch
    • de sécurité [dispositif] safety
    ► la sécurité civile emergency services dealing with natural disasters, bomb disposal etc
    ► la Sécurité sociale (pour la santé) ≈ the National Health Service (Brit), ≈ Medicaid (US) ; (pour vieillesse etc) ≈ the Social Security, ≈ Medicare (US)
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    The French public welfare system is financed by compulsory contributions paid directly from salaries and by employers. It covers essential health care, pensions and other basic benefits. In many cases, costs not covered by the Sécurité sociale may be met by a « mutuelle ». The deficit of the Sécurité sociale, popularly known as the « trou de la Sécurité sociale », has reached massive proportions in recent years, and efforts to stabilize the situation include an extra contribution from salaries, paid at source, called the « CRDS » « contribution au remboursement de la dette sociale ». → MUTUELLE
    * * *
    sekyʀite

    de sécurité — [système, forces] security; [dispositif, zone] safety; [raisons, problème] of security (après n)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    sekyʀite nf
    1) (= situation) safety

    On ne se sent pas en sécurité dans ce quartier. — You don't feel safe in this neighbourhood.

    2) (mesures) security
    3) (= personnel de sécurité) security

    Il s'est fait refuser l'entrée par la sécurité de l'établissement. — Security refused him entry to the establishment.

    * * *
    sécurité nf ( absence de risques d'agression) security; ( absence de danger fortuit) safety; pour votre sécurité for your own safety; assurer la sécurité de ( contre des agresseurs) to ensure the security of; (contre un accident, un sinistre) to ensure the safety of; sécurité civile/publique civil/public security; en toute sécurité [travailler, voyager, se baigner] in complete safety; la sécurité matérielle/financière material/financial security; sécurité de l'emploi job security; de sécurité [système, forces, services] security; [dispositif, garantie, zone] safety; [raisons, question, problème] of security ( après n); règles or consignes de sécurité safety regulations; avoir une impression de sécurité to feel secure; être/se sentir en sécurité to be/to feel secure ou safe (auprès de with).
    sécurité routière road safety; sécurité sociale, SS French national health and pensions organization.
    ⓘ Sécurité sociale The national system for provision of sickness, maternity, child, unemployment, old-age and housing benefits. All workers make contributions in régimes or classifications of membership.
    [sekyrite] nom féminin
    1. [protection d'une personne - physique] safety, security ; [ - matérielle, affective etc] security
    2. [surveillance - de bâtiments, d'installations] security
    3. ARMEMENT [d'un tank, d'un navire] safety catch ou mechanism
    ————————
    de sécurité locution adjectivale
    [dispositif, mesure] safety (modificateur)
    ————————
    en sécurité locution adjectivale
    être/se sentir en sécurité to be/to feel safe
    ————————
    en sécurité locution adverbiale
    en toute sécurité locution adverbiale
    ————————
    Sécurité sociale nom féminin
    2. [organisme] ≃ DSS (UK)
    The Sécu, as it is popularly known, created in 1945-46, provides public health benefits, pensions, maternity leave etc. These benefits are paid for by obligatory insurance contributions ( cotisations) made by employers ( cotisations patronales) and employees ( cotisations salariales). Many French people have complementary health insurance provided by a mutuelle, which guarantees payment of all or part of the expenses not covered by the Sécurité sociale.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > sécurité

  • 17 médecin

    médecin [med(ə)sɛ̃]
    masculine noun
    * * *
    mɛdsɛ̃
    nom masculin doctor

    médecin traitant — general practitioner, GP GB

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    med(ə)sɛ̃ nm

    aller chez le médecin — to go to the doctor, to go to the doctor's

    * * *
    médecin de l'âme or des âmes confessor; médecin assermenté doctor sworn under oath to administer routine medical certificates required by the civil service; médecin acupuncteur acupuncturist; médecin de bord ship's doctor; médecin de campagne country doctor; médecin de famille family doctor; médecin de garde duty doctor, doctor on duty; médecin homéopathe homeopath; médecin légiste forensic surgeon; médecin militaire army doctor; médecin scolaire school doctor; médecin du sport sports doctor; médecin du travail ≈ company medical officer.
    [medsɛ̃] nom masculin
    [docteur] doctor, physician
    médecin conventionnédoctor who meets the French social security criteria, ≃ National Health doctor (UK)
    médecin généraliste general practitioner, GP
    médecin légiste forensic expert ou scientist, medical examiner (US)
    a. [dans le privé] company doctor
    b. [dans le secteur public] health (and safety) ou medical officer (UK)
    Médecins du monde, Médecins sans frontièresorganizations providing medical aid to victims of war and disasters, especially in the Third World

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > médecin

  • 18 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 19 número

    m.
    1 number, amount, quantity, sum.
    2 number, numeral, Arabic numeral, cipher.
    3 size, number.
    4 issue, copy, number.
    5 act, number.
    * * *
    1 (gen) number
    2 (de una publicación) number, issue
    ■ ¿qué número calzas? what's your shoe size?, what size shoe do you take?
    5 (de lotería) lottery ticket number
    7 LINGÚÍSTICA number
    8 familiar scene
    \
    en números redondos in round figures
    en números rojos in the red
    hacer números to do the figures
    montar un número familiar to make a scene
    pedir número to take a numbered ticket
    ser el número uno to be the number one
    ser miembro de número to be a full member
    sin número (edificio) unnumbered 2 (en abundancia) countless
    número arábigo Arabic numeral
    número atrasado back number
    número de matrícula registration number, US license number
    número de serie serial number
    número entero whole number
    número extraordinario (en prensa) special edition, special issue
    número impar odd number
    número ordinal ordinal number
    número par even number
    número primo prime number
    número romano Roman numeral
    * * *
    noun m.
    4) size
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Mat) number

    volver a números negros — to get back into the black, return to profitability

    • de número, miembro de número — full member

    profesor de número — tenured teacher, teacher with a permanent post

    • echar o hacer números — * to do one's sums, number-crunch

    • sin número, calle Aribau, sin número — Aribau street, no number

    número binario — (Inform) binary number

    número de identificación fiscal — ID number used for tax purposes

    número de lote — batch number, batch code

    número de matrícula — (Aut) registration number

    número de teléfono — telephone number, phone number

    número dos — (lit) number two

    el número dos del partido — the second in command of the party, the party's number two

    número personal de identificación — (=clave) personal identification number

    para mí, Sinatra será siempre el número uno — for me Sinatra will always be number one

    el jugador número uno de su país — the number one player in his country, the top player in his country

    2) [de zapatos] size
    3) [de periódico, revista] number, issue

    número cero — dummy number, dummy run

    número extraordinario — special edition, special issue

    4) (=billete de lotería) ticket
    5) (Teat) act, number
    6) (Gram) number
    7) (Mil) man; (=soldado raso) private; (=policía) policeman
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mat) number

    problemas sin número — innumerable o countless problems

    en números redondos — in round numbers

    b) ( de zapatos) size

    ¿qué número calzas? — what size shoe do you take?

    c) ( billete de lotería) lottery ticket
    2) (Espec) act

    montar un/el número — (Esp fam) to kick up a fuss (colloq)

    3) ( de publicación) issue
    * * *
    = extent, incidence, issue, number, numeral, percentage, tally [tallies, pl.], scale.
    Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex. The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.
    Ex. This is an issue devoted in part to papers presented at the conference arranged and hosted by the State Library of New South Wales.
    Ex. The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    Ex. Records can be retrieved by character strings (that is, sequences of letters and numerals).
    Ex. But those institutions, and I am referring particularly to public libraries, serve a very large percentage of the nation's library users.
    Ex. As the various parts of the record are entered, the document summary indicates the additions by the tallies opposite the record parts.
    Ex. I have a feeling that all our old technologies are getting progressively more expensive and more inefficient, and that all our new technologies are getting progressively cheaper and more efficient because of questions of scale.
    ----
    * acción de marcar un número = dialling.
    * admitir un número de reservas mayor a las plazas existentes = overbook.
    * área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.
    * aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * colorear por números = paint by + numbers.
    * con el número = numbered.
    * con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.
    * cuadrar números = add up + figures.
    * el mismo número = as many.
    * en el mismo número de años = in as many years.
    * enemigo público número uno = public enemy number one.
    * en grandes números = in record numbers.
    * en gran número = numerously.
    * en números redondos = in round figures.
    * en números reducidos = in small numbers.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * exceder en número = outnumber.
    * exponente de un número = superscript numeral.
    * ficha de número de registro = accessions card.
    * gran número de = great numbers of.
    * integridad de los números = integrity of numbers.
    * línea de números = number line.
    * marcar un número de teléfono = dial + number.
    * montar un número = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * nº (número) + Número = # (number) + Número, no. (number) + Número.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * número actual = current issue.
    * Número + al año = Número + annually.
    * Número + al día = Número + a day.
    * número anterior = backrun, back issue.
    * número aproximado = ballpark number.
    * número arábigo = Arabic numeral.
    * número atrasado = back issue, back copy.
    * número binario = binary digit.
    * Número + cada año = Número + annually.
    * número cada vez mayor = rising numbers.
    * número capicúo = palindrome.
    * número consecutivo = running number.
    * número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.
    * número de alumnos matriculados = enrolment [enrollment, -USA].
    * Número + de ancho = Número + wide.
    * número de aprobados = pass rate.
    * número de asientos = seating.
    * número de bibliografía nacional = national record number.
    * número de búsquedas fallidas = failure rate.
    * número decimal = decimal number.
    * número de citas = number of citations.
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * número de control = control number.
    * número de documentos devueltos a los estantes = shelving statistics.
    * número de ejemplar = copy number.
    * número de emergencia = hotline [hot-line].
    * número de exportaciones = export figures.
    * número de fascículo = issue number.
    * número de identificación = ID number (identification number).
    * número de identificación del documento = library registration number.
    * número de intentos fallidos = failure rate.
    * número de la bibliografía nacional = national bibliographic record number.
    * número de la búsqueda = set number.
    * Número + de largo = Número + long.
    * número de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card number.
    * número del documento = document identification number, document number.
    * número de lector = borrower number.
    * número del editor = publisher's number (música).
    * número de matrícula = registration number, car registration number.
    * número de modelo = model number.
    * número de muertos = death toll.
    * número de opus = opus number.
    * número de orden = rank number.
    * número de páginas = pagination.
    * número de palabras = wordage.
    * número de participantes = turnout.
    * número de pedido = order number.
    * número de plancha = plate number.
    * número de préstamo = charging number.
    * número de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * número de publicaciones = publication count.
    * número de referencia del documento = document reference number.
    * número de referencias = number of citations.
    * número de registro = accession number, card number.
    * número de relación = linking number.
    * número de respuestas recibidas = response rate, rate of response.
    * número de serie = serial number.
    * número de solicitudes denegadas = failure rate.
    * número de suspensos = failure rate.
    * número de tarjeta de proceso = transaction card number.
    * número de teléfono = phone number, telephone number, dial-up number, dial-up number, dial-up number.
    * número de teléfono de llamada gratuita = toll free telephone number, toll-free number.
    * número de teléfono que no está incluido en el directorio telefónico = unlisted telephone number.
    * número de tema = thematic index number.
    * número determinado de = nth.
    * número de víctimas = death toll.
    * número de volumen = volume number.
    * número entero = integer.
    * número entero positivo = positive integer.
    * Número + en total = Número + in number.
    * número equivocado = wrong number.
    * número especial = special issue, special number.
    * número identificado de un ordenador en una red = network address.
    * número impar = odd number.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Libros (ISBN) = ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones Seriadas (ISSN) = ISSN (International Standard Serial Number).
    * número limitado de alumnos matriculados = limited enrolment.
    * número mágico = magic number.
    * número matriz = master number.
    * número monográfico = thematic issue.
    * número nacional de identificación bibliográfica = national bibliography number.
    * número normalizado = standard number.
    * número ordinal = ordinal, ordinal number.
    * número par = even number.
    * número pin = PIN (personal identification number), PIN number.
    * Número + por ciento = by + factor of + Número, Número + percentage points.
    * número reclamado = claimed issue.
    * número romano = roman numeral.
    * números recientes de las revistas = current journals.
    * número total = head count.
    * número trascendente = transcendental number.
    * número trece = thirteenth.
    * número uno = number one.
    * Número + vez = Número + time.
    * número y distribución de personal = staffing conditions.
    * ordenación por número curren = accession order, accession order, arrangement by accession number.
    * ordenado por número de clasificación = in class number order.
    * ordenar por número curren = arrange by + accession number.
    * PIN (número de identificación personal) = PIN (personal identification number).
    * poner a + Número = set to + Número.
    * procesador de números = number cruncher.
    * redondear al número entero más cercano = round up to + the nearest whole number.
    * sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.
    * ser de número limitado = be limited in number.
    * superar en número = outnumber.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * último número, el = latest issue, the.
    * una gran número de = a broad variety of.
    * un buen número de = a good number of.
    * un cierto número de = a number of.
    * un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * un número de = a series of.
    * un número reducido de = a residue of, a small number of.
    * un número variado de + Nombre = any number of + Nombre.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mat) number

    problemas sin número — innumerable o countless problems

    en números redondos — in round numbers

    b) ( de zapatos) size

    ¿qué número calzas? — what size shoe do you take?

    c) ( billete de lotería) lottery ticket
    2) (Espec) act

    montar un/el número — (Esp fam) to kick up a fuss (colloq)

    3) ( de publicación) issue
    * * *
    = extent, incidence, issue, number, numeral, percentage, tally [tallies, pl.], scale.

    Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.

    Ex: The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.
    Ex: This is an issue devoted in part to papers presented at the conference arranged and hosted by the State Library of New South Wales.
    Ex: The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    Ex: Records can be retrieved by character strings (that is, sequences of letters and numerals).
    Ex: But those institutions, and I am referring particularly to public libraries, serve a very large percentage of the nation's library users.
    Ex: As the various parts of the record are entered, the document summary indicates the additions by the tallies opposite the record parts.
    Ex: I have a feeling that all our old technologies are getting progressively more expensive and more inefficient, and that all our new technologies are getting progressively cheaper and more efficient because of questions of scale.
    * acción de marcar un número = dialling.
    * admitir un número de reservas mayor a las plazas existentes = overbook.
    * área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.
    * aumentar en número = grow in + numbers, increase in + numbers.
    * base de un número = subscript numeral.
    * colorear por números = paint by + numbers.
    * con el número = numbered.
    * con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.
    * cuadrar números = add up + figures.
    * el mismo número = as many.
    * en el mismo número de años = in as many years.
    * enemigo público número uno = public enemy number one.
    * en grandes números = in record numbers.
    * en gran número = numerously.
    * en números redondos = in round figures.
    * en números reducidos = in small numbers.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * exceder en número = outnumber.
    * exponente de un número = superscript numeral.
    * ficha de número de registro = accessions card.
    * gran número de = great numbers of.
    * integridad de los números = integrity of numbers.
    * línea de números = number line.
    * marcar un número de teléfono = dial + number.
    * montar un número = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * nº (número) + Número = \# (number) + Número, no. (number) + Número.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * número actual = current issue.
    * Número + al año = Número + annually.
    * Número + al día = Número + a day.
    * número anterior = backrun, back issue.
    * número aproximado = ballpark number.
    * número arábigo = Arabic numeral.
    * número atrasado = back issue, back copy.
    * número binario = binary digit.
    * Número + cada año = Número + annually.
    * número cada vez mayor = rising numbers.
    * número capicúo = palindrome.
    * número consecutivo = running number.
    * número de adquisiciones = acquisition rate.
    * número de alumnos matriculados = enrolment [enrollment, -USA].
    * Número + de ancho = Número + wide.
    * número de aprobados = pass rate.
    * número de asientos = seating.
    * número de bibliografía nacional = national record number.
    * número de búsquedas fallidas = failure rate.
    * número decimal = decimal number.
    * número de citas = number of citations.
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * número de control = control number.
    * número de documentos devueltos a los estantes = shelving statistics.
    * número de ejemplar = copy number.
    * número de emergencia = hotline [hot-line].
    * número de exportaciones = export figures.
    * número de fascículo = issue number.
    * número de identificación = ID number (identification number).
    * número de identificación del documento = library registration number.
    * número de intentos fallidos = failure rate.
    * número de la bibliografía nacional = national bibliographic record number.
    * número de la búsqueda = set number.
    * Número + de largo = Número + long.
    * número de la tarjeta de crédito = credit card number.
    * número del documento = document identification number, document number.
    * número de lector = borrower number.
    * número del editor = publisher's number (música).
    * número de matrícula = registration number, car registration number.
    * número de modelo = model number.
    * número de muertos = death toll.
    * número de opus = opus number.
    * número de orden = rank number.
    * número de páginas = pagination.
    * número de palabras = wordage.
    * número de participantes = turnout.
    * número de pedido = order number.
    * número de plancha = plate number.
    * número de préstamo = charging number.
    * número de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * número de publicaciones = publication count.
    * número de referencia del documento = document reference number.
    * número de referencias = number of citations.
    * número de registro = accession number, card number.
    * número de relación = linking number.
    * número de respuestas recibidas = response rate, rate of response.
    * número de serie = serial number.
    * número de solicitudes denegadas = failure rate.
    * número de suspensos = failure rate.
    * número de tarjeta de proceso = transaction card number.
    * número de teléfono = phone number, telephone number, dial-up number, dial-up number, dial-up number.
    * número de teléfono de llamada gratuita = toll free telephone number, toll-free number.
    * número de teléfono que no está incluido en el directorio telefónico = unlisted telephone number.
    * número de tema = thematic index number.
    * número determinado de = nth.
    * número de víctimas = death toll.
    * número de volumen = volume number.
    * número entero = integer.
    * número entero positivo = positive integer.
    * Número + en total = Número + in number.
    * número equivocado = wrong number.
    * número especial = special issue, special number.
    * número identificado de un ordenador en una red = network address.
    * número impar = odd number.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Libros (ISBN) = ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
    * Número Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones Seriadas (ISSN) = ISSN (International Standard Serial Number).
    * número limitado de alumnos matriculados = limited enrolment.
    * número mágico = magic number.
    * número matriz = master number.
    * número monográfico = thematic issue.
    * número nacional de identificación bibliográfica = national bibliography number.
    * número normalizado = standard number.
    * número ordinal = ordinal, ordinal number.
    * número par = even number.
    * número pin = PIN (personal identification number), PIN number.
    * Número + por ciento = by + factor of + Número, Número + percentage points.
    * número reclamado = claimed issue.
    * número romano = roman numeral.
    * números recientes de las revistas = current journals.
    * número total = head count.
    * número trascendente = transcendental number.
    * número trece = thirteenth.
    * número uno = number one.
    * Número + vez = Número + time.
    * número y distribución de personal = staffing conditions.
    * ordenación por número curren = accession order, accession order, arrangement by accession number.
    * ordenado por número de clasificación = in class number order.
    * ordenar por número curren = arrange by + accession number.
    * PIN (número de identificación personal) = PIN (personal identification number).
    * poner a + Número = set to + Número.
    * procesador de números = number cruncher.
    * redondear al número entero más cercano = round up to + the nearest whole number.
    * sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.
    * ser de número limitado = be limited in number.
    * superar en número = outnumber.
    * tarifa por el número de operaciones = volume-based tariff.
    * último número, el = latest issue, the.
    * una gran número de = a broad variety of.
    * un buen número de = a good number of.
    * un cierto número de = a number of.
    * un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * un número de = a series of.
    * un número reducido de = a residue of, a small number of.
    * un número variado de + Nombre = any number of + Nombre.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Mat) number
    vive en el número 15 she lives at number 15
    el número premiado es el 10895 the winning number is (number) 10895
    pagó una suma de seis números he paid a six figure sum
    el gran número de respuestas recibidas the large number of replies received
    problemas sin número innumerable o countless problems
    en números redondos in round numbers
    estar en números rojos ( fam); to be in the red ( colloq)
    tengo la cuenta en números rojos my account is o I'm in the red ( colloq)
    hacer números to do one's arithmetic o ( BrE) sums
    ¿qué número calzas? what size shoe do you take?
    3 (billete de lotería) lottery ticket
    Compuestos:
    random number
    Arabic numeral
    atomic number
    binary number
    cardinal number
    complex number
    decimal
    vehicle identification number
    account number
    fax number
    identity number
    (de persona) identity number; (de producto) identification number
    ● número de identificación fiscal or tributaria
    tax identity number, taxpayer ID ( AmE), Unique Taxpayer Reference ( BrE)
    PIN number, Personal Identification Number
    (en Esp) national identity card number
    mass number
    license number ( AmE), registration number ( BrE)
    serial number
    telephone number
    flight number
    whole number
    fraction
    odd number
    mixed number
    ordinal number
    even number
    perfect number
    prime number
    real number
    Roman numeral
    es el número uno de su clase he's top of o the best in his class
    el número uno egipcio the Egyptian leader
    B ( Espec) act
    un excelente número cómico an excellent comedy act o ( BrE) turn
    montar un/el número ( Esp fam); to kick up a fuss ( colloq)
    el número del mes de mayo the May issue o edition
    un número especial or extraordinario a special issue o edition
    números atrasados back numbers o issues
    E ( Esp frml) (policía) officer, constable ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo numerar: ( conjugate numerar)

    numero es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    numeró es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    numerar    
    número
    numerar ( conjugate numerar) verbo transitivo
    to number
    número sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Mat) number;


    número de matrícula license number (AmE), registration number (BrE);
    número de serie serial number;
    número de teléfono/fax phone/fax number;
    una suma de seis números a six figure sum;
    problemas sin número innumerable o countless problems

    ◊ ¿qué número calzas? what size shoe do you take?


    2
    a) (Espec) act


    numerar verbo transitivo to number
    número sustantivo masculino
    1 number: me equivoqué al escribir el último número, I made a mistake writting the last figure
    soy el número tres de la lista, I'm third on the list
    número de teléfono, telephone number
    número par/impar, even/odd number
    un buen número de personas, a large number of people
    2 (de una revista) number, issue
    número atrasado, back number
    3 (de calzado) size
    4 (de un espectáculo) sketch, act
    5 familiar montar un número, to make a scene
    6 (billete de juego de azar) ticket: tengo un número de lotería de Navidad, I have a Christmas lottery ticket
    ♦ Locuciones: números rojos, in the red: mi cuenta está en números rojos, my account is in the red
    ' número' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acrecentar
    - acrobacia
    - aforo
    - arábiga
    - arábigo
    - atrasada
    - atrasado
    - cabeza
    - calzar
    - cantidad
    - capicúa
    - cardinal
    - cifra
    - espectáculo
    - espuma
    - herida
    - herido
    - imaginaria
    - imaginario
    - indeterminada
    - indeterminado
    - matrícula
    - n.º
    - núm.
    - otra
    - otro
    - par
    - pasada
    - pasado
    - plato
    - premiada
    - premiado
    - prima
    - primo
    - quedarse
    - redonda
    - redondo
    - referencia
    - repetida
    - repetido
    - rey
    - salir
    - serie
    - superior
    - teléfono
    - terminación
    - abundar
    - buscar
    - ciento
    - cinco
    English:
    accurate
    - act
    - admission
    - alarming
    - Arabic numeral
    - army
    - back
    - copy
    - death toll
    - dial
    - eight
    - even
    - exact
    - fascism
    - flock
    - grand finale
    - grand total
    - growth
    - intake
    - integer
    - issue
    - licence number
    - low
    - lucky
    - membership
    - myriad
    - N
    - no.
    - number
    - numeral
    - O
    - odd
    - one
    - ordinal
    - outnumber
    - over
    - poll
    - prime
    - registration number
    - round
    - round down
    - round up
    - routine
    - scene
    - serial
    - size
    - special
    - stock up
    - strength
    - strong
    * * *
    1. [signo] number;
    mi número de la suerte my lucky number;
    en números rojos in the red;
    hacer números to reckon up;
    ser el número uno to be number one;
    [en lista de éxitos] to top the charts;
    fue el número uno de su promoción he was the best in his year;
    el número dos del partido republicano the number two o second in command of the Republican Party;
    sin número [muchos] countless, innumerable;
    un sin número de modelos diferentes countless o innumerable different models
    número de afiliación a la seguridad social Br national insurance number, US social security number;
    número atómico atomic number;
    número binario binary number;
    número cardinal cardinal number;
    número complejo complex number;
    número complementario [en lotería] = complementary number, Br ≈ bonus ball;
    número de cuenta account number;
    número entero whole number, integer;
    Fot número f f number;
    número de fax fax number;
    número impar odd number;
    Informát número IP IP number;
    número irracional irrational number;
    número de matrícula [de vehículo] Br registration number, US license number;
    [de alumno] matriculation number;
    número natural natural number;
    número ordinal ordinal number;
    número par even number;
    número primo prime number;
    número quebrado fraction;
    número racional rational number;
    número redondo round number;
    número de referencia reference number;
    Informát número de registro registration number;
    número romano Roman numeral;
    número de serie serial number;
    número de sucursal [de banco] sort code;
    número de teléfono telephone number
    2. [tamaño, talla] size;
    ¿qué número calzas? what size shoe are you?, what size shoe do you take?
    3. [de publicación] issue, number
    número atrasado back number;
    número extraordinario special edition o issue
    4. [de lotería] ticket
    5. Gram number
    6. [de espectáculo] turn, number;
    Esp Fam
    montar el número to make o cause a scene
    7. Esp [de policía] officer
    8. Rel
    Números Numbers
    * * *
    m
    1 number;
    un gran número de a large number of;
    sin número countless;
    ser el número uno be number one, be the best;
    en números redondos in round figures;
    en números rojos fig in the red;
    hacer números fam add up the figures, Br
    do one’s sums
    2 de publicación issue
    3 de zapato size
    4
    :
    montar un número fam make a scene
    5
    :
    de número socio full; empleado, profesor permanent; catedrático tenured
    * * *
    1) : number
    número impar: odd number
    número ordinal: ordinal number
    número arábico: Arabic numeral
    número quebrado: fraction
    2) : issue (of a publication)
    3)
    sin número : countless
    * * *
    1. (en general) number
    2. (de calzado) size
    ¿qué número calzas? what size do you take in shoes?
    4. (espectáculo) act / number

    Spanish-English dictionary > número

  • 20 ministro

    m minister
    ministro degli Esteri Foreign Secretary, AE Secretary of State
    ministro degli Interni Home Secretary, AE Secretary of the Interior
    primo ministro Prime Minister
    * * *
    ministro s.m.
    1 (eccl.) minister, clergyman*, priest; (titolo) Minister: ministro della Chiesa, minister of religion
    2 (pol.) minister, secretary (of State): Primo ministro, Prime Minister, (o GB Premier); Consiglio dei Ministri, Cabinet; (della CEE) Council of Ministers // ministro senza portafoglio, Minister without portfolio // ministro dell'aeronautica, (GB) Secretary of State for Air (o Air Minister), (USA) Secretary of the Air Force // ministro degli (affari) esteri, Foreign Minister, (GB) Foreign Secretary, (USA) Secretary of State // ministro degli (affari) interni, Minister of the Interior, (GB) Home Secretary, (USA) Secretary of the Interior // ministro per gli affari sociali, (in Italia) Minister for Social Affairs // ministro dell'agricoltura e foreste, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, (GB) Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, (USA) Secretary of Agri-culture // ministro dell'ambiente, Minister of the Environment, (GB) Secretary of State for the Environment // ministro per le aree urbane, (in Italia) Minister for Urban Development and Rehabilitation // ministro dei beni culturali, (in Italia) Minister for Arts and Culture // ministro del bilancio, (in Italia) Minister of the Budget // ministro del commercio con l'estero, (in Italia) Minister of Foreign Trade // ministro della difesa, Minister of Defence, (GB) Secretary of State for Defence (o Defence Secretary), (USA) Secretary of Defense // ministro delle finanze, Minister of Finance, (GB) Chancellor of the Exchequer, (USA) Secretary of the Treasury // ministro della funzione pubblica, (in Italia) Minister for the Civil Service // ministro di grazia e giustizia, Minister of Justice, (USA) Secretary of Justice (o Attorney General) // ministro della guerra, Minister of War, (GB) War Secretary (o form. Secretary of State for War), (USA) Secretary of War // ministro dell'industria, commercio e artigianato, Minister of Industry and Trade, (GB) President of the Board of Trade, (USA) Secretary of Commerce // ministro del lavoro e della previdenza sociale, Minister of Labour and Social Security, (USA) Secretary of Labor // ministro dei lavori pubblici, (in Italia) Minister of Public Works // ministro della marina, Minister of the Navy, (GB) First Lord of the Admiralty, (USA) Secretary of the Navy // ministro della marina mercantile, (in Italia) Minister of the Merchant Marine // ministro delle partecipazioni statali, (in Italia) Minister of State Investment // ministro per le politiche comunitarie, (nei paesi della CEE) Minister for EEC Policy // ministro delle poste e telecomunicazioni, Postmaster General // ministro della protezione civile, (in Italia) Minister for Civil Defence // ministro della pubblica istruzione, Minister of Education, (GB) Secretary of Education and Science, (USA) Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare // ministro per i rapporti col parlamento, (in Italia) Minister for Parliamentary Affairs // ministro della ricerca scientifica e tecnologica, (in Italia) Minister of Scientific Research and Technology // ministro della sanità, della salute, Minister of Health, (GB) Minister of Health and Social Security, (USA) Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare // ministro del tesoro, Minister of the Treasury, (GB) Chancellor of the Exchequer, (USA) Secretary of the Treasury // ministro dei trasporti e dell'aviazione civile, Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation, (GB) Secretary of State for Transport, (USA) Secretary of Transportation // ministro del turismo e dello spettacolo, (in Italia) Minister of Tourism and Culture
    3 (chi esercita un alto ufficio) minister
    4 (chi amministra) administrator, officer; (difensore) defender: i ministri della giustizia, the administrators of justice; ministro di pace, di civiltà, defender of peace, of civilization
    5 (diplomazia) (capo di legazione) minister: il Ministro d'Italia a Kabul, the Italian Minister in Kabul; ministro plenipotenziario, minister plenipotentiary.
    * * *
    [mi'nistro]
    sostantivo maschile
    1) pol. (professione) minister; (titolo) (in GB) Secretary (of State); (negli USA) Secretary

    primo ministro — prime minister, premier

    2) relig. minister, pastor
    3) dir. (diplomatico) minister
    •

    ministro dell'agricoltura — = agriculture minister; (in GB) Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; (negli USA) Secretary of Agriculture

    ministro dell'ambiente — (in GB) Environment Secretary (of State), Secretary of State o Minister for the Environment

    ministro della difesa — (in GB) Secretary of State for Defence; (negli USA) Defense Secretary

    ministro degli (affari) esteri — = foreign minister; (in GB) Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs; (negli USA) Secretary of State

    ministro delle finanze — = finance minister

    ministro di grazia e giustizia — = justice minister

    ministro dell'interno — (in GB) Home Secretary; (negli USA) Secretary of the Interior

    ministro del lavoro — (in GB) Minister of Employment; (negli USA) Secretary of Labor

    ministro della pubblica istruzione — = minister for education

    ministro della sanità — (in GB) Secretary of State for Health; (negli USA) Secretary of Health and Human Services

    ministro del tesoro — = treasury minister; (in GB) Chancellor of the Exchequer; (negli USA) Treasury Secretary

    ministro dei trasporti — (in GB) Secretary of State for Transport; (negli USA) Secretary of Transportation

    * * *
    ministro
    /mi'nistro/ ⇒ 1
    sostantivo m.
     1 pol. (professione) minister; (titolo) (in GB) Secretary (of State); (negli USA) Secretary; primo ministro prime minister, premier; vice primo ministro deputy prime minister
     2 relig. minister, pastor; ministro del culto minister of religion
     3 dir. (diplomatico) minister
    ministro dell'agricoltura = agriculture minister; (in GB) Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; (negli USA) Secretary of Agriculture; ministro dell'ambiente (in GB) Environment Secretary (of State), Secretary of State o Minister for the Environment; ministro della difesa (in GB) Secretary of State for Defence; (negli USA) Defense Secretary; ministro degli (affari) esteri = foreign minister; (in GB) Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs; (negli USA) Secretary of State; ministro delle finanze = finance minister; ministro di grazia e giustizia = justice minister; ministro ad interim acting minister; ministro dell'interno (in GB) Home Secretary; (negli USA) Secretary of the Interior; ministro del lavoro (in GB) Minister of Employment; (negli USA) Secretary of Labor; ministro senza portafoglio minister without portfolio; ministro della pubblica istruzione = minister for education; ministro della sanità (in GB) Secretary of State for Health; (negli USA) Secretary of Health and Human Services; ministro del tesoro = treasury minister; (in GB) Chancellor of the Exchequer; (negli USA) Treasury Secretary; ministro dei trasporti (in GB) Secretary of State for Transport; (negli USA) Secretary of Transportation.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > ministro

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